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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Environmental Engineering Science >Kinetic Study of Denatonium Sorption to Smectite Clay Minerals
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Kinetic Study of Denatonium Sorption to Smectite Clay Minerals

机译：地那铵吸附蒙脱石粘土矿物的动力学研究

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The denatonium cation, as a benzoate salt, is the most bitter cation known to modern society and is frequently added to consumer products to reduce accidental and intentional consumption by humans and animals. Denatonium can enter the environment by accidental discharges, potentially rendering water supplies undrinkable. Interactions of denatonium with soil components (i.e., smectite minerals) ultimately control the environmental fate of denatonium, but the current literature is devoid of studies that evaluate denatonium sorption to smectite minerals. This study investigated the mechanism and kinetics of denatonium sorption to smectite clay minerals as a function of smectite type, temperature, pH and ionic strength. Uptake by synthetic mica montmorillonite (Syn-1), Wyoming montmorillonite (SWy-2), and Texas montmorillonite (STx-1b) at 305K was rapid, with equilibrium being reached within 2 min for all clays. Complete removal of denatonium was observed for STx-1b at pH 6.9, while partial removal was observed for Syn-1 and SWy-2. Kinetic behavior of SWy-2 and Syn-1 is consistent with a pseudo–second-order model at 305K. An activation energy of +25.9 kJ/mol was obtained for sorption to Syn-1 and was independent of temperature between 286K and 338K. Activation-free energy (ΔG*), activation enthalpy (ΔH*), and activation entropy (ΔS*) for Syn-1 were found to be +62.91 kJ/mol, +23.36 kJ/mol, and −0.130 kJ/(K·mol), respectively. Sorption capacities at pH 3.6, 6.9, and 8.2 were constant at 1.3×10−2 g denatonium/g clay; however, the kinetic rate constant increased by 56%, going from acidic to basic solution conditions. Distribution coefficients were negatively correlated with ionic strength, suggesting cation exchange. Collectively, results suggested that smectite minerals can serve as efficient sinks for denatonium cations. This is much-needed information for agencies developing regulations regarding denatonium usage and for water treatment professionals who may ultimately have to treat denatonium-impacted water supplies.
机译：地那铵阳离子是一种苯甲酸盐，是现代社会已知的最苦的阳离子，经常添加到消费产品中，以减少人类和动物的意外和有意食用。地那铵会因意外排放而进入环境，从而可能导致水源无法饮用。地那铵与土壤成分（即蒙脱石矿物）的相互作用最终控制了地那铵的环境命运，但是目前的文献缺乏评估地那铵对绿土矿物的吸附的研究。这项研究调查了铜绿土对绿土粘土矿物的吸附机理和动力学与绿土类型，温度，pH和离子强度的关系。合成云母蒙脱土（Syn-1），怀俄明州蒙脱土（SWy-2）和德克萨斯州蒙脱土（STx-1b）在305K处迅速吸收，所有黏土均在2 min内达到平衡。在pH 6.9的条件下，对于STx-1b观察到完全去除了地那铵，而对于Syn-1和SWy-2，观察到了部分去除。 SWy-2和Syn-1的动力学行为与305K的伪二级模型一致。吸附到Syn-1的活化能为+25.9 kJ / mol，与286K和338K之间的温度无关。发现Syn-1的无活化能（ΔG*），活化焓（ΔH*）和活化熵（ΔS*）为+62.91 kJ / mol，+ 23.36 kJ / mol和-0.130 kJ /（K ·mol）。 pH 3.6、6.9和8.2时的吸附能力恒定在1.3×10 -2 g地那铵/ g粘土。但是，从酸性到碱性溶液，动力学速率常数增加了56％。分布系数与离子强度呈负相关，表明阳离子交换。总的来说，结果表明蒙脱石矿物可以作为十足类阳离子的有效汇。这对于制定有关金刚烷使用的法规的机构以及最终可能必须处理受金刚烷影响的水供应的水处理专业人员来说，是急需的信息。

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