首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology >Neural control of circulation and exercise: a translational approach disclosing interactions between central command arterial baroreflex and muscle metaboreflex
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Neural control of circulation and exercise: a translational approach disclosing interactions between central command arterial baroreflex and muscle metaboreflex

机译:对循环和运动的神经控制:一种平移方法揭示了中央命令动脉压力反射和肌肉代谢反射之间的相互作用

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摘要

The last 100 years witnessed a rapid and progressive development of the body of knowledge concerning the neural control of the cardiovascular system in health and disease. The understanding of the complexity and the relevance of the neuroregulatory system continues to evolve and as a result raises new questions. The purpose of this review is to articulate results from studies involving experimental models in animals as well as in humans concerning the interaction between the neural mechanisms mediating the hemodynamic responses during exercise. The review describes the arterial baroreflex, the pivotal mechanism controlling mean arterial blood pressure and its fluctuations along with the two main activation mechanisms to exercise: central command (parallel activation of central somatomotor and autonomic descending pathways) and the muscle metaboreflex, the metabolic component of exercise pressor reflex (feedback from ergoreceptors within contracting skeletal muscles). In addition, the role of the cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in modulating the resetting of arterial baroreflex is identified, and the mechanisms in the central nervous system involved with the resetting of baroreflex function during dynamic exercise are also described. Approaching a very relevant clinical condition, the review also presents the concept that the impaired arterial baroreflex function is an integral component of the metaboreflex-mediated exaggerated sympathetic tone in subjects with heart failure. This increased sympathetic activity has a major role in causing the depressed ventricular function observed during submaximal dynamic exercise in these patients. The potential contribution of a metaboreflex arising from respiratory muscles is also considered.
机译:在过去的100年中,有关健康和疾病中心血管系统神经控制的知识体系迅速发展。对神经调节系统的复杂性和相关性的理解不断发展,结果提出了新的问题。这篇综述的目的是阐明涉及动物和人类实验模型的研究结果,这些实验模型涉及介导运动期间血液动力学反应的神经机制之间的相互作用。该综述描述了动脉压力反射,控制平均动脉血压及其波动的枢转机制以及两种主要的运动激活机制:中枢命令(中枢躯体运动和自主性下降途径的并行激活)和肌肉代谢反射,即中枢神经系统的代谢成分。运动加压反射(收缩骨骼肌内的麦角感受器的反馈)。此外,还确定了心肺压力感受器在调节动脉压力反射的复位中的作用,还描述了中枢神经系统在动态锻炼过程中与压力反射功能的复位有关的机制。接近非常相关的临床状况,该综述还提出了这样的概念,即动脉压反射功能受损是心力衰竭患者代谢反射介导的夸张交感神经张力的组成部分。在这些患者的次最大动态运动期间,这种增加的交感神经活动在引起心室功能下降中起主要作用。还考虑了由呼吸肌引起的代谢反射的潜在贡献。

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