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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Health Policy and Planning >‘Gender is not even a side issue…it’s a non-issue’: career trajectories and experiences from the perspective of male and female healthcare managers in Kenya
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‘Gender is not even a side issue…it’s a non-issue’: career trajectories and experiences from the perspective of male and female healthcare managers in Kenya

机译：性别甚至不是附带问题……这不是问题：肯尼亚男性和女性医疗保健经理的职业轨迹和经历

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摘要

Women comprise a significant proportion of the health workforce globally but remain under-represented in the higher professional categories. Concern about the under-representation of women in health leadership positions has resulted in increased research on the topic, although this research has focused primarily on high-income countries. An improved understanding of the career trajectories and experiences of healthcare leaders in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and the role of gender, is therefore needed. This qualitative case study was undertaken in two counties in coastal Kenya. Drawing on the life-history approach, 12 male and 13 female healthcare leaders were interviewed between August 2015 and July 2016 on their career progression and related experiences. Although gender was not spontaneously identified as a significant influence, closer exploration of responses revealed that gendered factors played an important role. Most fundamentally, women’s role as child bearers and gendered societal expectations including child nurturing and other domestic responsibilities can influence their ability to take up leadership opportunities, and their selection and appointment as leaders. Women’s selection and appointment as leaders may also be influenced by positive discrimination policies (in favour of women), and by perceptions of women and men as having different leadership styles (against women, who some described as more emotive and reactive). These gendered influences intersect in relatively invisible ways with other factors more readily identified by respondents to influence their progression and experience. These factors included: professional cadre, with doctors more likely to be selected into leadership roles; and personal and professional support systems ranging from family support and role models, through to professional mentorship and continuing education. We discuss the implications of these findings for policy, practice and research, including highlighting the need for more in-depth intersectionality analyses of leadership experience in LMICs.
机译：在全球卫生工作人员中，妇女占很大比例，但在较高专业类别中的妇女人数仍然不足。对妇女在卫生领导职位中任职人数不足的担忧导致对该主题的研究增多，尽管该研究主要集中在高收入国家。因此，需要更好地了解中低收入国家（LMIC）的医护人员的职业发展轨迹和经历以及性别角色。定性的案例研究是在肯尼亚沿海的两个县进行的。根据生活史方法，在2015年8月至2016年7月期间，采访了12位男性和13位女性医疗保健领导者，以了解他们的职业发展和相关经验。尽管没有自发地将性别识别为重要影响因素，但对答案的更深入研究表明，性别因素起着重要作用。从根本上说，妇女担任育儿的角色以及社会性别期望，包括抚养子女和其他家庭责任，都可能影响她们获得领导机会的能力，以及她们被选拔和任命为领导人的能力。妇女的选拔和任命还可能受到积极歧视政策（有利于妇女）以及对男人和女人的领导风格不同（相对于女性，其中有些被描述为更具情感和反应性）的影响。这些性别影响以相对不可见的方式与受访者更容易识别的其他因素相交，从而影响他们的进步和经历。这些因素包括：专业干部，更可能选择医生担任领导职务；个人和专业支持系统，从家庭支持和榜样到专业指导和继续教育，一应俱全。我们讨论了这些发现对政策，实践和研究的意义，包括强调需要对中低收入国家的领导经验进行更深入的交叉分析。

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