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Regulation of Protein Metabolism in Exercise and Recovery: Nutritional and contractile regulation of human skeletal muscle protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling

机译：运动和恢复中蛋白质代谢的调控：人骨骼肌蛋白质合成和mTORC1信号传导的营养和收缩调控

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摘要

In this review we discuss current findings in the human skeletal muscle literature describing the acute influence of nutrients (leucine-enriched essential amino acids in particular) and resistance exercise on muscle protein synthesis and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. We show that essential amino acids and an acute bout of resistance exercise independently stimulate human skeletal muscle protein synthesis. It also appears that ingestion of essential amino acids following resistance exercise leads to an even larger increase in the rate of muscle protein synthesis compared with the independent effects of nutrients or muscle contraction. Until recently the cellular mechanisms responsible for controlling the rate of muscle protein synthesis in humans were unknown. In this review, we highlight new studies in humans that have clearly shown the mTORC1 signaling pathway is playing an important regulatory role in controlling muscle protein synthesis in response to nutrients and/or muscle contraction. We propose that essential amino acid ingestion shortly following a bout of resistance exercise is beneficial in promoting skeletal muscle growth and may be useful in counteracting muscle wasting in a variety of conditions such as aging, cancer cachexia, physical inactivity, and perhaps during rehabilitation following trauma or surgery.

机译：在这篇综述中，我们讨论了人类骨骼肌文献中的当前发现，这些文献描述了营养素（尤其是富含亮氨酸的必需氨基酸）和抵抗运动对肌肉蛋白质合成和雷帕霉素复合物1（mTORC1）信号传导的哺乳动物靶标的急性影响。我们表明必需氨基酸和抵抗运动的急性发作独立地刺激人类骨骼肌蛋白质合成。与营养素或肌肉收缩的独立作用相比，抵抗运动后摄入必需氨基酸似乎还导致肌肉蛋白质合成速率的更大增加。直到最近，负责控制人类肌肉蛋白质合成速率的细胞机制还是未知的。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了人类的新研究，这些研究清楚地表明，mTORC1信号通路在控制肌肉蛋白质合成以响应营养和/或肌肉收缩方面起着重要的调节作用。我们建议抵抗运动后不久摄入必需氨基酸对促进骨骼肌生长是有益的，并且可能在许多情况下（例如衰老，癌症恶病质，身体缺乏活动以及可能在创伤后的康复过程中）抵消肌肉消耗或手术。

著录项

期刊名称 Journal of Applied Physiology
作者
Micah J. Drummond; Hans C. Dreyer; Christopher S. Fry; Erin L. Glynn; Blake B. Rasmussen;
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作者单位

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年(卷),期 -1(106),4
年度 -1
页码 1374–1384
总页数 28
原文格式 PDF
正文语种
中图分类人体生理学;
关键词
essential amino acids contraction translation initiation leucine;

机译：必需氨基酸;收缩;翻译起始;亮氨酸;

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专利

1. Nutritional and contractile regulation of human skeletal muscle protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling. [J] . Drummond MJ, Dreyer HC, Fry CS, Journal of applied physiology . 2009,第4期

机译：营养和收缩调节人骨骼肌蛋白合成和mTORC1信号传导。
2. Dietary Aronia melanocarpa extract enhances mTORC1 signaling, but has no effect on protein synthesis and protein breakdown-related signaling, in response to resistance exercise in rat skeletal muscle [J] . Yuhei Makanae, Satoru Ato, Kohei Kido, Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition . 2019,第1期

机译：膳食Aronia Melanocarpa提取物增强MTORC1信号，但对蛋白质合成和蛋白质分解相关信号传导没有影响，响应于大鼠骨骼肌的抗性运动
3. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to whey protein and increase in satiety leading to a reduction in energy intake (ID 425), contribution to the maintenance or achievement of a normal body weight (ID 1683), growth or maintenance of muscle mass (ID 418, 419, 423, 426, 427, 429, 4307), increase in lean body mass during energy restriction and resistance training (ID 421), reduction of body fat mass during energy restriction and resistance training (ID 420, 421), increase in muscle strength (ID 422, 429), increase in endurance capacity during the subsequent exercise bout after strenuous exercise (ID 428), skeletal muscle tissue repair (ID 428) and faster recovery from muscle fatigue after exercise (ID 423, 428, 431), pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 [J] . EFSA Journal . 2010,第10期

机译：关于证实乳清蛋白和增加饱腹感的健康主张的科学见解，导致能量摄入减少（ID 425），对维持或达到正常体重的贡献（ID 1683），肌肉生长或维持（ID 418、419、423、426、427、429、4307），能量限制和抵抗训练中的瘦体重增加（ID 421），能量限制和抵抗训练期间的体脂肪减少（ID 420、421），增加肌肉力量（ID 422、429），在剧烈运动后进行的后续运动中增加耐力（ID 428），骨骼肌组织修复（ID 428）和运动后从肌肉疲劳中更快恢复（ID 423、428）（431），根据（EC）1924/2006号条例第13（1）条
4. Explore the domain features of co-regulation proteins, co-interaction proteins and co-regulation Co-interaction proteins [C] . Hua Lin, Liu Yongbin, Gao Lei, 2011 4th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics . 2011

机译：探索共同调节蛋白，共同相互作用蛋白以及共同调节和共同相互作用蛋白的域特征
5. Aging and the Contractile Regulation of Human Skeletal Muscle mTORC1 Signaling and Protein Synthesis. [D] . Fry, Christopher Schaffer. 2011

机译：人骨骼肌mTORC1信号传导和蛋白质合成的衰老和收缩调节。
6. Regulation of Protein Metabolism in Exercise and Recovery: Expression of growth-related genes in young and older human skeletal muscle following an acute stimulation of protein synthesis [O] . Micah J. Drummond, Mitsunori Miyazaki, Hans C. Dreyer, -1

机译：运动和恢复中蛋白质代谢的调节：急性刺激蛋白质合成后年轻人和老年人骨骼肌中生长相关基因的表达
7. Nutritional and contractile regulation of human skeletal muscle protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling [O] . Drummond, Micah J., Dreyer, Hans C., Fry, Christopher S., 2009

机译：营养和收缩调节人骨骼肌蛋白合成和mTORC1信号传导

Regulation of Protein Metabolism in Exercise and Recovery: Nutritional and contractile regulation of human skeletal muscle protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling

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