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How tough is Brittle Bone? Investigating Osteogenesis Imperfecta in Mouse Bone

机译:脆骨有多坚韧?调查小鼠骨成骨不全

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摘要

The multiscale hierarchical structure of bone is naturally optimized to resist fractures. In osteogenesis imperfecta, or brittle bone disease, genetic mutations affect the quality and/or quantity of collagen, dramatically increasing bone fracture risk. Here we reveal how the collagen defect results in bone fragility in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta (oim), which has homotrimeric α1(I) collagen. At the molecular level we attribute the loss in toughness to a decrease in the stabilizing enzymatic crosslinks and an increase in non-enzymatic crosslinks, which may break prematurely inhibiting plasticity. At the tissue level, high vascular canal density reduces the stable crack growth, and extensive woven bone limits the crack-deflection toughening during crack growth. This demonstrates how modifications at the bone molecular level have ramifications at larger length scales affecting the overall mechanical integrity of the bone; thus, treatment strategies have to address multiscale properties in order to regain bone toughness. In this regard, findings from the heterozygous oim bone, where defective as well as normal collagen are present, suggest that increasing the quantity of healthy collagen in these bones helps to recover toughness at the multiple length scales.
机译:自然优化了骨骼的多尺度层次结构以抵抗骨折。在成骨不全症或脆性骨病中,基因突变会影响胶原蛋白的质量和/或数量,从而大大增加骨折的风险。在这里,我们揭示了在具有成骨三聚体α1(I)胶原的成骨不全症(oim)小鼠模型中,胶原蛋白缺陷如何导致骨骼脆性。在分子水平上,我们将韧性损失归因于稳定酶交联键的减少和非酶交联键的增加,这可能会导致过早地抑制可塑性。在组织水平上,高血管密度降低了稳定的裂纹扩展,而广泛的编织骨限制了裂纹扩展过程中的裂纹偏转增韧。这证明了在骨分子水平上的修饰如何在更大的长度范围内产生影响整个骨骼机械完整性的后果。因此,治疗策略必须解决多尺度特性以恢复骨骼韧性。在这方面,从杂合卵的骨骼中发现缺陷和正常胶原,发现这些骨骼中健康胶原的数量增加有助于在多个长度尺度上恢复韧性。

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