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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Experimental Botany >Breeding high-yielding drought-tolerant rice: genetic variations and conventional and molecular approaches
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Breeding high-yielding drought-tolerant rice: genetic variations and conventional and molecular approaches

机译：选育高产耐旱水稻：遗传变异以及常规和分子方法

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The increased occurrence and severity of drought stress have led to a high yield decline in rice in recent years in drought-affected areas. Drought research at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) over the past decade has concentrated on direct selection for grain yield under drought. This approach has led to the successful development and release of 17 high-yielding drought-tolerant rice varieties in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. In addition to this, 14 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) showing a large effect against high-yielding drought-susceptible popular varieties were identified using grain yield as a selection criterion. Six of these (qDTY 1.1, qDTY 2.2, qDTY 3.1, qDTY 3.2, qDTY 6.1, and qDTY 12.1) showed an effect against two or more high-yielding genetic backgrounds in both the lowland and upland ecosystem, indicating their usefulness in increasing the grain yield of rice under drought. The yield of popular rice varieties IR64 and Vandana has been successfully improved through a well-planned marker-assisted backcross breeding approach, and QTL introgression in several other popular varieties is in progress. The identification of large-effect QTLs for grain yield under drought and the higher yield increase under drought obtained through the use of these QTLs (which has not been reported in other cereals) indicate that rice, because of its continuous cultivation in two diverse ecosystems (upland, drought tolerant, and lowland, drought susceptible), has benefited from the existence of larger genetic variability than in other cereals. This can be successfully exploited using marker-assisted breeding.
机译：近年来，在干旱影响地区，干旱胁迫的发生和严重程度增加，导致水稻高产下降。过去十年来，国际水稻研究所（IRRI）的干旱研究主要集中在干旱条件下直接选择谷物产量。这种方法导致在南亚，东南亚和非洲成功开发和发布了17种高产耐旱水稻品种。除此之外，还以谷物产量为选择标准，鉴定了14个对高产干旱敏感型流行品种表现出较大影响的定量性状基因座（QTL）。其中的六个（qDTY 1.1，qDTY 2.2，qDTY 3.1，qDTY 3.2，qDTY 6.1和qDTY 12.1）在低地和高地生态系统中均表现出针对两个或多个高产遗传背景的影响，表明它们在增加谷物上的有用性干旱条件下水稻的产量。通过精心计划的标记辅助回交育种方法，成功地提高了水稻受欢迎的品种IR64和Vandana的产量，并且其他几个受欢迎品种的QTL渗入也正在进行中。鉴定出干旱下谷物产量的大影响QTL和通过使用这些QTL获得的干旱下更高的增产（其他谷物中未见报道）表明，稻米是由于其在两个不同的生态系统中的连续栽培而产生的（高地，耐旱和低地，易干旱）比其他谷物受益于更大的遗传变异性。使用标记辅助育种可以成功地利用这一点。

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