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Recent advances in graphene-based biosensor technology with applications in life sciences

机译：基于石墨烯的生物传感器技术的最新进展及其在生命科学中的应用

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Graphene’s unique physical structure, as well as its chemical and electrical properties, make it ideal for use in sensor technologies. In the past years, novel sensing platforms have been proposed with pristine and modified graphene with nanoparticles and polymers. Several of these platforms were used to immobilize biomolecules, such as antibodies, DNA, and enzymes to create highly sensitive and selective biosensors. Strategies to attach these biomolecules onto the surface of graphene have been employed based on its chemical composition. These methods include covalent bonding, such as the coupling of the biomolecules via the 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide reactions, and physisorption. In the literature, several detection methods are employed; however, the most common is electrochemical. The main reason for researchers to use this detection approach is because this method is simple, rapid and presents good sensitivity. These biosensors can be particularly useful in life sciences and medicine since in clinical practice, biosensors with high sensitivity and specificity can significantly enhance patient care, early diagnosis of diseases and pathogen detection. In this review, we will present the research conducted with antibodies, DNA molecules and, enzymes to develop biosensors that use graphene and its derivatives as scaffolds to produce effective biosensors able to detect and identify a variety of diseases, pathogens, and biomolecules linked to diseases.
机译：石墨烯独特的物理结构及其化学和电学性质使其成为传感器技术的理想选择。在过去的几年中，已经提出了新颖的传感平台，该平台具有原始的和具有纳米粒子和聚合物的改性石墨烯。这些平台中的几个被用来固定生物分子，例如抗体，DNA和酶，以创建高度敏感和选择性的生物传感器。基于其化学组成，已经采用了将这些生物分子附着到石墨烯表面的策略。这些方法包括共价键合，例如通过1-乙基-3-（3-二甲基氨基丙基）碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺反应的生物分子的偶联，以及物理吸附。在文献中，采用了几种检测方法。但是，最常见的是电化学。研究人员使用此检测方法的主要原因是因为此方法简单，快速且具有良好的灵敏度。这些生物传感器在生命科学和医学中尤其有用，因为在临床实践中，具有高灵敏度和特异性的生物传感器可以显着增强患者护理，疾病的早期诊断和病原体检测。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍利用抗体，DNA分子和酶进行的研究，以开发利用石墨烯及其衍生物作为支架的生物传感器，从而生产出能够检测和识别多种疾病，病原体和与疾病相关的生物分子的有效生物传感器。 。

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