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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Philosophical transactions. Series A Mathematical physical and engineering sciences >The fate of water within Earth and super-Earths and implications for plate tectonics
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The fate of water within Earth and super-Earths and implications for plate tectonics

机译：地球和超地球内部水的命运及其对板块构造的影响

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摘要

The Earth is likely to have acquired most of its water during accretion. Internal heat of planetesimals by short-lived radioisotopes would have caused some water loss, but impacts into planetesimals were insufficiently energetic to produce further drying. Water is thought to be critical for the development of plate tectonics, because it lowers viscosities in the asthenosphere, enabling subduction. The following issue persists: if water is necessary for plate tectonics, but subduction itself hydrates the upper mantle, how is the upper mantle initially hydrated? The giant impacts of late accretion created magma lakes and oceans, which degassed during solidification to produce a heavy atmosphere. However, some water would have remained in the mantle, trapped within crystallographic defects in nominally anhydrous minerals. In this paper, we present models demonstrating that processes associated with magma ocean solidification and overturn may segregate sufficient quantities of water within the upper mantle to induce partial melting and produce a damp asthenosphere, thereby facilitating plate tectonics and, in turn, the habitability of Earth-like extrasolar planets.This article is part of the themed issue ‘The origin, history and role of water in the evolution of the inner Solar System’.
机译：在增生过程中，地球可能已吸收了大部分水。短寿命放射性同位素给小行星的内部热量会造成一些水分流失，但对小行星的影响不足以产生进一步的干燥。人们认为水对于板块构造的发展至关重要，因为水会降低软流圈中的粘度，从而使俯冲作用得以实现。仍然存在以下问题：如果板块构造需要水，但俯冲本身会使上地幔水化，那么上地幔最初是如何水化的？后期积聚的巨大影响造就了岩浆湖和海洋，它们在凝固过程中脱气以产生浓厚的气氛。但是，一些水会留在地幔中，陷于名义上无水矿物的晶体学缺陷内。在本文中，我们提出了一些模型，这些模型表明与岩浆海洋凝固和倾覆有关的过程可能在上地幔中隔离出足够量的水，以引起部分融化并产生湿软流圈，从而促进了板块构造，进而促进了地球的可居住性像太阳系外行星一样。本文是主题问题“水的起源，历史和在太阳系内部演化中的作用”的一部分。

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