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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Philosophical transactions. Series A Mathematical physical and engineering sciences >A probabilistic framework for identifying biosignatures using Pathway Complexity
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A probabilistic framework for identifying biosignatures using Pathway Complexity

机译：使用Pathway Complexity识别生物特征的概率框架

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One thing that discriminates living things from inanimate matter is their ability to generate similarly complex or non-random structures in a large abundance. From DNA sequences to folded protein structures, living cells, microbial communities and multicellular structures, the material configurations in biology can easily be distinguished from non-living material assemblies. Many complex artefacts, from ordinary bioproducts to human tools, though they are not living things, are ultimately produced by biological processes—whether those processes occur at the scale of cells or societies, they are the consequences of living systems. While these objects are not living, they cannot randomly form, as they are the product of a biological organism and hence are either technological or cultural biosignatures. A generalized approach that aims to evaluate complex objects as possible biosignatures could be useful to explore the cosmos for new life forms. However, it is not obvious how it might be possible to create such a self-contained approach. This would require us to prove rigorously that a given artefact is too complex to have formed by chance. In this paper, we present a new type of complexity measure, which we call ‘Pathway Complexity’, that allows us not only to threshold the abiotic–biotic divide, but also to demonstrate a probabilistic approach based on object abundance and complexity which can be used to unambiguously assign complex objects as biosignatures. We hope that this approach will not only open up the search for biosignatures beyond the Earth, but also allow us to explore the Earth for new types of biology, and to determine when a complex chemical system discovered in the laboratory could be considered alive.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Reconceptualizing the origins of life’.
机译：区分生物与无生命的事物的一件事是，它们能够大量产生相似的复杂或非随机结构。从DNA序列到折叠的蛋白质结构，活细胞，微生物群落和多细胞结构，生物学中的物质结构很容易与无生命的物质集合区分开。从普通的生物产品到人工工具，许多复杂的人工制品虽然不是生物，但最终都是由生物过程产生的-无论这些过程是在细胞或社会的规模上发生的，它们都是生命系统的后果。虽然这些物体不存在，但它们不能随机形成，因为它们是生物的产物，因此是技术或文化生物特征。旨在将复杂对象评估为可能的生物特征的通用方法可能对探索宇宙寻找新生命形式很有用。但是，尚不清楚如何创建这样一个独立的方法。这将要求我们严格证明给定的人工制品太复杂而无法偶然形成。在本文中，我们提出了一种新型的复杂性度量，称为“路径复杂性”，它不仅使我们能够限制非生物－生物界鸿沟，而且还展示了一种基于对象丰度和复杂性的概率方法，该方法可以用于明确地将复杂对象分配为生物签名。我们希望这种方法不仅可以打开对地球以外生物特征的搜索，还可以让我们探索地球以寻找新的生物学类型，并确定何时可以认为实验室中发现的复杂化学系统是活的。这篇文章是主题主题“重新认识生命的起源”的一部分。

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