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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Tree Physiology >Leaf morphological and physiological adaptations of a deciduous oak (Quercus faginea Lam.) to the Mediterranean climate: a comparison with a closely related temperate species (Quercus robur L.)
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Leaf morphological and physiological adaptations of a deciduous oak (Quercus faginea Lam.) to the Mediterranean climate: a comparison with a closely related temperate species (Quercus robur L.)

机译：落叶栎（Quercus faginea Lam。）对地中海气候的叶片形态和生理适应：与一个密切相关的温带物种（Quercus robur L.）的比较

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‘White oaks’—one of the main groups of the genus Quercus L.—are represented in western Eurasia by the ‘roburoid oaks’, a deciduous and closely related genetic group that should have an Arcto-Tertiary origin under temperate-nemoral climates. Nowadays, roburoid oak species such as Quercus robur L. are still present in these temperate climates in Europe, but others are also present in southern Europe under Mediterranean-type climates, such as Quercus faginea Lam. We hypothesize the existence of a coordinated functional response at the whole-shoot scale in Q. faginea under Mediterranean conditions to adapt to more xeric habitats. The results reveal a clear morphological and physiological segregation between Q. robur and Q. faginea, which constitute two very contrasting functional types in response to climate dryness. The most outstanding divergence between the two species is the reduction in transpiring area in Q. faginea, which is the main trait imposed by the water deficit in Mediterranean-type climates. The reduction in leaf area ratio in Q. faginea should have a negative effect on carbon gain that is partially counteracted by a higher inherent photosynthetic ability of Q. faginea when compared with Q. robur, as a consequence of higher mesophyll conductance, higher maximum velocity of carboxylation and much higher stomatal conductance (gs). The extremely high gs of Q. faginea counteracts the expected reduction in gs imposed by the stomatal sensitivity to vapor pressure deficit, allowing this species to diminish water losses maintaining high net CO2 assimilation values along the vegetative period under nonlimiting soil water potential values. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that Q. faginea can be regarded as an example of adaptation of a deciduous oak to Mediterranean-type climates.
机译：“白橡树”（Quercus L.）的主要种群之一，在欧亚大陆以“ roburoid橡树”为代表，“落叶树橡树”是一个落叶且密切相关的遗传群体，在温带-温和气候下应具有始于第三纪的起源。时至今日，欧洲的这些温带气候下仍存在类橡树栎种，例如栎栎（Quercus robur L.），但在地中海型气候下，南部非洲也存在栎类橡树种，例如栎栎（Quercus faginea Lam）。我们假设在地中海条件下，在Q. faginea的全拍摄尺度上存在协调的功能性反应，以适应更多的干性生境。结果表明，罗伯Q. robur和Q. faginea之间存在明显的形态和生理隔离，这构成了响应气候干燥的两种截然不同的功能类型。这两个物种之间最显着的差异是，Q。faginea的蒸腾面积减少，这是地中海型气候中水缺乏造成的主要特征。烟草Q. faginea的叶面积比的降低应该对碳增加产生负面影响，这与烟草Q. robur相比具有更高的固有光合能力，这是由于较高的叶肉电导率和较高的最大速度而部分抵消的。羧基化和更高的气孔导度（gs）。 g。faginea的极高gs抵消了气孔对蒸气压亏缺的敏感性所导致的gs的预期降低，使该物种减少了水分损失，并在非限制性土壤水势值下沿营养期维持了较高的净CO2同化值。总而言之，本研究表明，可将Q. faginea视为落叶橡树适应地中海型气候的一个例子。

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