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Effects of Soils and Irrigation Volume on Maize Yield Irrigation Water Productivity and Nitrogen Uptake

机译：土壤和灌溉量对玉米产量灌溉水生产率和氮吸收的影响

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摘要

In the newly cultivated oases of northwestern China, the soil properties of farmlands with different cultivation periods show a high degree of spatial heterogeneity on the field scale. However, the irrigation water allocation at the irrigation district scale was based mainly on cultivated area but soil conditions were not considered, which resulted in the shortage or super abound of the irrigation water in the farmlands with different soils. A deeper understanding of the effects of soils on crop IWP and irrigation water requirement is an essential prerequisite to accurately assessing regional irrigation water needs and water-saving potential. Therefore, measurements were taken of the yield, irrigation water productivity (IWP), and nitrogen (N) uptake of maize grown in sandy soils (S1, S2), loamy sand soil (S3), and sandy loam soils (S4, S5) and subjected to three irrigation treatments (full, medium, and low irrigation) in an arid oasis farming system in northwestern China. The results show that the highest yield was obtained under full irrigation in sandy loam. Medium and low irrigation reduced the maize yield by 12.5–21.8% and 13.5–20.6%, respectively, relative to full irrigation, with the greatest decrease in sandy loam. Maize IWP ranged from 1.06–1.20 kg m−3 for sand to 2.27–2.58 kg m−3 for sandy loam and was influenced by soil properties but not irrigation treatments. Soil properties also influenced crop N uptake, with sandy loam having a significantly higher such uptake than loamy sand or sand. Under a conventional flooding irrigation pattern, reduced irrigation does not appear to increase IWP in well-drained sandy soils. Crop irrigation water requirement and IWP were mainly influenced by soil texture and fertility. Soil management to improving water productivity should be addressed. In agricultural water management, reasonable irrigation water allocation based on soil conditions should be considered.
机译：在中国西北新近种植的绿洲中，不同耕作时期的农田土壤性质在田间尺度上表现出高度的空间异质性。然而，灌区规模的灌溉水分配主要基于耕地面积，但没有考虑土壤条件，这导致了不同土壤农田的灌溉水短缺或过多。深入了解土壤对作物IWP和灌溉水需求的影响，是准确评估区域灌溉水需求和节水潜力的必要前提。因此，测量了在沙质土壤（S1，S2），壤质沙质土壤（S3）和砂质壤土（S4，S5）中生长的玉米的产量，灌溉水生产率（IWP）和氮（N）的吸收。并且在中国西北部的干旱绿洲耕作系统中进行了三种灌溉处理（全灌，中灌和低灌）。结果表明，在沙壤土充分灌溉的条件下，最高产量。相对于完全灌溉，中度和低度灌溉分别使玉米减产12.5％至21.8％和13.5％至20.6％，其中沙壤土的减幅最大。玉米的IWP范围从沙土的1.06–1.20 kg m −3 到沙壤土的2.27–2.58 −3 受到土壤性质的影响，但不受灌溉处理的影响。土壤特性也影响了作物的氮素吸收，沙质壤土的吸收率明显高于砂质或沙质土壤。在常规的洪水灌溉模式下，减少灌溉并不会增加排水良好的沙质土壤的IWP。作物灌溉需水量和IWP主要受土壤质地和肥力的影响。应对土壤管理以提高水生产率。在农业用水管理中，应考虑根据土壤条件合理分配灌溉水。

著录项

  • 期刊名称 Scientific Reports
  • 作者

    Jing Fang; Yongzhong Su;

  • 作者单位
  • 年(卷),期 -1(9),-1
  • 年度 -1
  • 页码 7740
  • 总页数 11
  • 原文格式 PDF
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