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Re-assessment of net energy production and greenhouse gas emissions avoidance after 40 years of photovoltaics development

机译:光伏技术发展40年后对净能源生产和避免温室气体排放的重新评估

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摘要

Since the 1970s, installed solar photovoltaic capacity has grown tremendously to 230 gigawatt worldwide in 2015, with a growth rate between 1975 and 2015 of 45%. This rapid growth has led to concerns regarding the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of photovoltaics production. We present a review of 40 years of photovoltaics development, analysing the development of energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions associated with photovoltaics production. Here we show strong downward trends of environmental impact of photovoltaics production, following the experience curve law. For every doubling of installed photovoltaic capacity, energy use decreases by 13 and 12% and greenhouse gas footprints by 17 and 24%, for poly- and monocrystalline based photovoltaic systems, respectively. As a result, we show a break-even between the cumulative disadvantages and benefits of photovoltaics, for both energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, occurs between 1997 and 2018, depending on photovoltaic performance and model uncertainties.
机译:自1970年代以来,已安装的太阳能光伏发电容量在2015年已大幅增长至全球230吉瓦,1975年至2015年之间的增长率为45%。这种快速增长引起了人们对光伏产品生产的能源消耗和温室气体排放的担忧。我们对光伏技术的40年发展进行了回顾,分析了与光伏技术生产相关的能源需求和温室气体排放的发展。在这里,根据经验曲线定律,我们显示出光伏生产对环境影响的强烈下降趋势。对于基于多晶硅和单晶的光伏系统,每安装一倍的光伏容量,能源使用量分别减少13%和12%,温室气体足迹减少17%和24%。结果,我们显示出在1997年至2018年之间,光伏在能源使用和温室气体排放方面的累积不利与收益之间出现了收支平衡,具体取决于光伏性能和模型不确定性。

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