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A high performance cost-effective digital complex correlator for an X-band polarimetry survey

机译：用于X波段极化测量的高性能经济高效的数字复杂相关器

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The detailed knowledge of the Milky Way radio emission is important to characterize galactic foregrounds masking extragalactic and cosmological signals. The update of the global sky models describing radio emissions over a very large spectral band requires high sensitivity experiments capable of observing large sky areas with long integration times. Here, we present the design of a new 10 GHz (X-band) polarimeter digital back-end to map the polarization components of the galactic synchrotron radiation field of the Northern Hemisphere sky. The design follows the digital processing trends in radio astronomy and implements a large bandwidth (1 GHz) digital complex cross-correlator to extract the Stokes parameters of the incoming synchrotron radiation field. The hardware constraints cover the implemented VLSI hardware description language code and the preliminary results. The implementation is based on the simultaneous digitized acquisition of the Cartesian components of the two linear receiver polarization channels. The design strategy involves a double data rate acquisition of the ADC interleaved parallel bus, and field programmable gate array device programming at the register transfer mode. The digital core of the back-end is capable of processing 32 Gbps and is built around an Altera field programmable gate array clocked at 250 MHz, 1 GSps analog to digital converters and a clock generator. The control of the field programmable gate array internal signal delays and a convenient use of its phase locked loops provide the timing requirements to achieve the target bandwidths and sensitivity. This solution is convenient for radio astronomy experiments requiring large bandwidth, high functionality, high volume availability and low cost. Of particular interest, this correlator was developed for the Galactic Emission Mapping project and is suitable for large sky area polarization continuum surveys. The solutions may also be adapted to be used at signal processing subsystem levels for large projects like the square kilometer array testbeds.
机译：银河系无线电发射的详细知识对于表征掩盖银河系外和宇宙学信号的银河系前景非常重要。要更新描述非常大光谱带上的无线电发射的全球天空模型，需要进行高灵敏度的实验，以便能够以较长的积分时间观测较大的天空区域。在这里，我们提出了一个新的10 GHz（X波段）旋光仪数字后端的设计，以绘制北半球天空银河同步加速器辐射场的偏振分量。该设计遵循射电天文学的数字处理趋势，并实现了大带宽（1 GHz）数字复数互相关器，以提取进入的同步加速器辐射场的斯托克斯参数。硬件限制包括已实现的VLSI硬件描述语言代码和初步结果。该实现基于两个线性接收器极化通道的笛卡尔分量的同时数字化采集。该设计策略涉及ADC交错并行总线的双倍数据速率采集，以及寄存器传输模式下的现场可编程门阵列器件编程。后端的数字核心能够处理32 Gbps，并围绕着以250 MHz时钟频率运行的Altera现场可编程门阵列，1 GSps模数转换器和时钟发生器构建。现场可编程门阵列内部信号延迟的控制以及其锁相环的便捷使用为实现目标带宽和灵敏度提供了时序要求。对于需要大带宽，高功能，高可用性和低成本的射电天文实验，该解决方案非常方便。特别相关的是，该相关器是为银河排放测绘项目开发的，适用于大天空区域极化连续谱测量。该解决方案还可适用于信号处理子系统级别的大型项目，例如平方公里阵列测试台。

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