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Aftershock sequences and seismic-like organization of acoustic events produced by a single propagating crack

机译：单个传播裂纹产生的余震序列和类似地震的声音事件组织

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摘要

Brittle fractures of inhomogeneous materials like rocks, concrete, or ceramics are of two types: Nominally brittle and driven by the propagation of a single dominant crack or quasi-brittle and resulting from the accumulation of many microcracks. The latter goes along with acoustic noise, whose analysis has revealed that events form aftershock sequences obeying characteristic laws reminiscent of those in seismology. Yet, their origin lacks explanation. Here we show that such a statistical organization is not only specific to the multi-cracking situations of quasi-brittle failure and seismology, but also rules the acoustic events produced by a propagating crack. This simpler situation has permitted us to relate these laws to the overall scale-free distribution of inter-event time and energy and to uncover their selection by the crack speed. These results provide a comprehensive picture of how acoustic events are organized upon material failure in the most fundamental of fracture states: single propagating cracks.
机译：非均质材料（如岩石，混凝土或陶瓷）的脆性断裂有两种类型：名义上脆性，由单个主要裂纹或准脆性的扩展以及许多微裂纹的累积所驱动。后者伴随着声音噪声，后者的分析表明，事件形成的余震序列服从于让人联想到地震学规律的特征定律。然而，它们的起源缺乏解释。在这里，我们表明，这样的统计组织不仅特定于准脆性破裂和地震学的多裂纹情况，而且还控制着传播裂纹产生的声波事件。这种较简单的情况使我们能够将这些定律与事件间时间和能量的整体无标度分配联系起来，并通过裂缝速度揭示它们的选择。这些结果提供了关于在最基本的断裂状态（单个扩展裂纹）中材料失效时声音事件如何组织的全面描述。

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