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Parallel opsin switches in multiple cone types of the starry flounder retina: tuning visual pigment composition for a demersal life style

机译:多种视锥细胞视网膜中多种视锥细胞类型的平行视蛋白开关:调节视觉颜料的成分以实现沉浸式生活

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摘要

Variable expression of visual pigment proteins (opsins) in cone photoreceptors of the vertebrate retina is a primary determinant of vision plasticity. Switches in opsin expression or variable co-expression of opsins within differentiated cones have been documented for a few rodents and fishes, but the extent of photoreceptor types affected and potential functional significance are largely unknown. Here, we show that both single and double cones in the retina of a flatfish, the starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), undergo visual pigment changes through opsin switches or variable opsin co-expression. As the post-metamorphic juvenile (i.e., the young asymmetric flatfish with both eyes on one side of the body) grows from ~5 g to ~196 g, some single cones and one member of unequal double cones switched from a visual pigment with maximum wavelength of absorbance, λmax, at shorter wavelengths (437 nm and 527 nm) to one with longer λmax (456 nm and 545 nm, respectively) whereas other cones had intermediate visual pigments (λmax at 445 nm or 536 nm) suggesting co-expression of two opsins. The shift toward longer wavelength absorbing visual pigments was in line with maximizing sensitivity to the restricted light spectrum at greater depths and achromatic detection of overhead targets.
机译:视觉色素蛋白(视蛋白)在脊椎动物视网膜视锥感光细胞中的可变表达是视觉可塑性的主要决定因素。在一些啮齿动物和鱼类中,视蛋白表达的转换或视锥蛋白在可变视锥细胞中的共表达的转换已被记录下来,但是受光感受器类型影响的程度和潜在的功能意义在很大程度上尚不清楚。在这里,我们显示了在比目鱼的视网膜(繁星的比目鱼(Platichthys stellatus))的视网膜中的单锥和双锥都通过视蛋白开关或可变视蛋白共表达而发生视觉色素变化。随着变态后的幼鱼(即两只不对称的幼小不对称比目鱼从一侧到另一侧)从〜5μg增长到〜196μg,一些单锥和一个不等双锥成员从视觉色素转变为最大色素。较短波长(437maxnm和527 nm)到较长λmax(分别为456 nm和545 nm)的吸光度λmax,而其他视锥细胞具有中间视觉色素(445maxnm或536 nm的λmax),提示共表达两个视蛋白。向吸收更长波长的视觉颜料的转变与在更大深度对受限光谱的灵敏度最大化以及高架目标的消色差检测相一致。

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