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Visualizing nanoscale 3D compositional fluctuation of lithium in advanced lithium-ion battery cathodes

机译：可视化高级锂离子电池阴极中锂的纳米级3D成分波动

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The distribution of cations in Li-ion battery cathodes as a function of cycling is a pivotal characteristic of battery performance. The transition metal cation distribution has been shown to affect cathode performance; however, Li is notoriously challenging to characterize with typical imaging techniques. Here laser-assisted atom probe tomography (APT) is used to map the three-dimensional distribution of Li at a sub-nanometre spatial resolution and correlate it with the distribution of the transition metal cations (M) and the oxygen. As-fabricated layered Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 is shown to have Li-rich Li2MO3 phase regions and Li-depleted Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O2 regions. Cycled material has an overall loss of Li in addition to Ni-, Mn- and Li-rich regions. Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is shown to have a uniform distribution of all cations. APT results were compared to energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping with a scanning transmission electron microscope to confirm the transition metal cation distribution.
机译：锂离子电池阴极中阳离子的分布随循环的变化是电池性能的关键特征。过渡金属阳离子的分布已显示会影响阴极性能。然而，李以典型的成像技术来表征却极富挑战性。在此，激光辅助原子探针层析成像（APT）用于绘制亚纳米空间分辨率下Li的三维分布，并将其与过渡金属阳离子（M）和氧的分布相关联。制成的层状Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2具有富锂的Li2MO3相区和贫锂的Li（Ni0.5Mn0.5）O2区。除了富Ni，Mn和Li的区域外，循环材料还损失了Li的总量。尖晶石LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4被证明具有所有阳离子的均匀分布。使用扫描透射电子显微镜将APT结果与能量色散光谱图进行比较，以确认过渡金属阳离子的分布。

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