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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Scientific Reports >Technospheric Mining of Rare Earth Elements from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud): Process Optimization Kinetic Investigation and Microwave Pretreatment
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Technospheric Mining of Rare Earth Elements from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud): Process Optimization Kinetic Investigation and Microwave Pretreatment

机译：从铝土矿渣（红色泥浆）中稀土元素的技术层开采：工艺优化动力学研究和微波预处理

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Some rare earth elements (REEs) are classified under critical materials, i.e., essential in use and subject to supply risk, due to their increasing demand, monopolistic supply, and environmentally unsustainable and expensive mining practices. To tackle the REE supply challenge, new initiatives have been started focusing on their extraction from alternative secondary resources. This study puts the emphasis on technospheric mining of REEs from bauxite residue (red mud) produced by the aluminum industry. Characterization results showed the bauxite residue sample contains about 0.03 wt% REEs. Systematic leaching experiments showed that concentrated HNO3 is the most effective lixiviant. However, because of the process complexities, H2SO4 was selected as the lixiviant. To further enhance the leaching efficiency, a novel process based on microwave pretreatment was employed. Results indicated that microwave pretreatment creates cracks and pores in the particles, enabling the lixiviant to diffuse further into the particles, bringing more REEs into solution, yielding of 64.2% and 78.7% for Sc and Nd, respectively, which are higher than the maximum obtained when HNO3 was used. This novel process of “H2SO4 leaching-coupled with-microwave pretreatment” proves to be a promising technique that can help realize the technological potential of REE recovery from secondary resources, particularly bauxite residue.
机译：一些稀土元素（REE）由于其需求增加，垄断供应以及对环境不可持续和昂贵的开采方式而被归类为关键材料，即在使用中必不可少，并且存在供应风险。为了解决稀土供应挑战，已经开始着重于从替代性二次资源中提取新举措的新举措。这项研究的重点是从铝工业产生的铝土矿残渣（红泥）的技术层开采稀土元素。表征结果表明，铝土矿残留物样品含有约0.03 wt％REE。系统浸出实验表明，浓硝酸是最有效的浸滤剂。但是，由于工艺复杂，选择了硫酸作为浸滤剂。为了进一步提高浸出效率，采用了基于微波预处理的新型工艺。结果表明，微波预处理在颗粒中产生裂纹和孔隙，使浸滤剂进一步扩散到颗粒中，使更多的REE进入溶液，Sc和Nd的产率分别为64.2％和78.7％，高于获得的最大值使用HNO3时。事实证明，“ H2SO4浸出-微波预处理”这一新颖工艺是一种很有前途的技术，可以帮助实现从二次资源特别是铝土矿渣中回收REE的技术潜力。

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