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Sexual homomorphism in dioecious trees: extensive tests fail to detect sexual dimorphism in Populus

机译:雌雄异株树中的性同态:大量测试未能检测到胡杨中的性同态

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摘要

The evolution of sexual dimorphism and expansion of sex chromosomes are both driven through sexual conflict, arising from differing fitness optima between males and females. Here, we pair work in poplar (Populus) describing one of the smallest sex-determining regions known thus far in complex eukaryotes (~100 kbp) with comprehensive tests for sexual dimorphism using >1300 individuals from two Populus species and assessing 96 non-reproductive functional traits. Against expectation, we found sexual homomorphism (no non-reproductive trait differences between the sexes), suggesting that gender is functionally neutral with respect to non-reproductive features that affect plant survival and fitness. Combined with a small sex-determining region, we infer that sexual conflict may be effectively stymied or non-existent within these taxa. Both sexual homomorphism and the small sex-determining region occur against a background of strong environmental selection and local adaptation in Populus. This presents a powerful hypothesis for the evolution of dioecious species. Here, we suggest that environmental selection may be sufficient to suppress and stymy sexual conflict if it acts orthogonal to sexual selection, thereby placing limitations on the evolution of sexual dimorphism and genomic expansion of sex chromosomes.
机译:性二态性的进化和性染色体的扩张都是由性冲突驱动的,这是由男性和女性之间不同的适应性最佳情况引起的。在这里,我们将杨树(Populus)中描述迄今已知的最小的决定性别的区域之一,该区域是复杂真核生物(〜100pkbp)中的一项,它使用来自两个杨树种的1300多个个体对性二态性进行了全面测试,并评估了96种非生殖性功能特质。出乎意料的是,我们发现了性同态(两性之间没有非生殖性状差异),这表明性别在影响植物存活和适应性的非生殖特征方面在功能上是中性的。结合一个小的性别决定区域,我们推断在这些分类群中性冲突可能被有效地阻止或不存在。性同态和小的性别决定区都发生在胡杨强烈的环境选择和局部适应的背景下。这为雌雄异体物种的进化提出了强有力的假设。在这里,我们建议,如果环境选择与性选择正交,则环境选择可能足以抑制和阻碍性冲突,从而限制了性二态性的进化和性染色体的基因组扩展。

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