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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Scientific Reports >The effect of hydraulic flowback and produced water on gill morphology oxidative stress and antioxidant response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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The effect of hydraulic flowback and produced water on gill morphology oxidative stress and antioxidant response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

机译：水力回流和采出水对虹鳟鱼On形态氧化应激和抗氧化反应的影响

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Hydraulic fracturing fluid are complex mixtures containing high concentrations of salts (up to 330,000 ppm), organic, and metal contaminants. However, little data exist on the potential mechanisms of toxicity of these flowback and produced wastewaters (FPW) on aquatic biota. Juvenile rainbow trout were exposed to either control, FPW (2.5 or 7.5%), FPW that had been treated with activated charcoal (AC), or a custom salt-matched control (SW; replicating only the salt content of FPW) for 48 hours. Gill histology revealed decreases in interlamellar cell mass (ILCM) and mean lamellar length in all treatments (FPW, AC and SW) compared to control, indicative of hyperosmotic stress. Liver CYP1A1 activity was significantly elevated by 7.5-fold in the FPW 7.5% treatment only, indicative of Phase I metabolism. Superoxide dismutase activity significantly decreased in the gills to all treatments with the lowest activity occurring in the 7.5% FPW group. Catalase activity increased in liver with the highest values noted in fish exposed to 7.5% FPW. No changes were observed with respect to glutathione-S-transferase, while increased lipid peroxidation was only observed in both FPW treatments (2.5, 7.5%). These data suggest a characteristic signature of FPW impact which may help in risk assessment and biomonitoring of FPW spills.
机译：水力压裂液是含有高浓度盐（高达330,000 ppm），有机和金属污染物的复杂混合物。但是，关于这些回流和产生的废水（FPW）对水生生物的毒性潜在机制的数据很少。将幼年虹鳟鱼暴露于对照，FPW（2.5或7.5％），已经用活性炭（AC）处理过的FPW或定制的盐匹配对照（SW；仅复制FPW的盐含量）中暴露48小时。 。组织学显示，与对照相比，所有处理（FPW，AC和SW）的层间细胞量（ILCM）和平均层状长度减少，表明高渗应激。仅在FPW 7.5％治疗中，肝脏CYP1A1活性显着提高了7.5倍，表明I期代谢。在所有处理中，的超氧化物歧化酶活性均显着降低，而活性最低的是7.5％FPW组。肝脏中过氧化氢酶活性增加，暴露于7.5％FPW的鱼中可见最高值。谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶未见变化，而脂质过氧化增加仅在两种FPW处理中均观察到（2.5，7.5％）。这些数据表明，FPW影响具有特征性，可能有助于对FPW泄漏进行风险评估和生物监测。

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