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Ultra-thin clay layers facilitate seismic slip in carbonate faults

机译:超薄粘土层有助于碳酸盐岩断层的地震滑动

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摘要

Many earthquakes propagate up to the Earth’s surface producing surface ruptures. Seismic slip propagation is facilitated by along-fault low dynamic frictional resistance, which is controlled by a number of physico-chemical lubrication mechanisms. In particular, rotary shear experiments conducted at seismic slip rates (1 ms−1) show that phyllosilicates can facilitate co-seismic slip along faults during earthquakes. This evidence is crucial for hazard assessment along oceanic subduction zones, where pelagic clays participate in seismic slip propagation. Conversely, the reason why, in continental domains, co-seismic slip along faults can propagate up to the Earth’s surface is still poorly understood. We document the occurrence of micrometer-thick phyllosilicate-bearing layers along a carbonate-hosted seismogenic extensional fault in the central Apennines, Italy. Using friction experiments, we demonstrate that, at seismic slip rates (1 ms−1), similar calcite gouges with pre-existing phyllosilicate-bearing (clay content ≤3 wt.%) micro-layers weaken faster than calcite gouges or mixed calcite-phyllosilicate gouges. We thus propose that, within calcite gouge, ultra-low clay content (≤3 wt.%) localized along micrometer-thick layers can facilitate seismic slip propagation during earthquakes in continental domains, possibly enhancing surface displacement.
机译:许多地震传播到地球表面,导致表面破裂。沿断层的低动态摩擦阻力促进了地震滑动的传播,该阻力由多种物理化学润滑机制控制。特别是,以地震滑动速率(1 ms -1 )进行的旋转剪切实验表明,页硅酸盐可以促进地震过程中沿断层的同震滑动。该证据对于沿洋俯冲带的灾害评估至关重要,在该区,上层粘土参与了地震滑动传播。相反,在大陆地区,沿断层的同震滑动会传播到地球表面的原因仍然知之甚少。我们记录了在意大利亚平宁山脉中部一个碳酸盐岩承载的地震成因伸展断裂中,微米级厚层状含硅酸盐的层的发生。通过摩擦实验,我们证明,在地震滑移率(1 ms −1 )下,类似的方解石凿子具有预先存在的层状硅酸盐(粘土含量≤3wt。%)的微层,其削弱速度更快。比方解石凿或方解石-页硅酸盐混合凿子高。因此,我们提出在方解石泥中,沿微米厚的层分布的超低粘土含量(≤3wt。%)可以促进大陆地区地震过程中的地震滑动传播,可能会增强地表位移。

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