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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Scientific Reports >Nitrate leaching in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation on a calcareous soil as affected by nitrogen and straw management
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Nitrate leaching in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation on a calcareous soil as affected by nitrogen and straw management

机译：受氮和稻草管理的影响石灰性土壤上冬小麦-夏玉米轮作中的硝酸盐淋失

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摘要

Nitrate leaching is one of the most important pathways of nitrogen (N) loss which leads to groundwater contamination or surface water eutrophication. Clarifying the rates, controlling factors and characteristics of nitrate leaching is the pre-requisite for proposing effective mitigation strategies. We investigated the effects of interactions among chemical N fertilizer, straw and manure applications on nitrogen leaching in an intensively managed calcareous Fluvo-aquic soil with winter wheat-summer maize cropping rotations on the North China Plain from October 2010 to September 2013 using ceramic suction cups and seepage water calculations based on a long-term field experiment. Annual nitrate leaching reached 38–60 kg N ha−1 from conventional N managements, but declined by 32–71% due to optimum N, compost manure or municipal waste treatments, respectively. Nitrate leaching concentrated in the summer maize season, and fewer leaching events with high amounts are the characteristics of nitrate leaching in this region. Overuse of chemical N fertilizers, high net mineralization and nitrification, together with predominance of rainfall in the summer season with light soil texture are the main controlling factors responsible for the high nitrate leaching loss in this soil-crop-climatic system.
机译：硝酸盐浸出是氮（N）流失最重要的途径之一，氮流失会导致地下水污染或地表水富营养化。明确硝酸盐浸出的速率，控制因素和特征是提出有效缓解策略的前提。我们研究了从2010年10月至2013年9月在华北平原冬小麦夏玉米轮作下，在集约化管理的钙质潮土上施用氮肥，秸秆和肥料之间的相互作用对氮淋滤的影响，使用陶瓷吸盘以及基于长期野外实验的渗流水计算。常规氮肥管理下的年度硝酸盐浸出量达到38–60 kg N ha -1 ，但由于最佳氮肥，堆肥或城市垃圾处理，分别减少了32–71％。硝酸盐浸出主要集中在夏季玉米季节，该地区硝酸盐浸出的特征是少量浸出事件量大。化学氮肥的过度使用，高的净矿化和硝化作用，加上夏季降雨占主导地位，土壤质地轻便，是造成这种土壤-作物-气候系统硝酸盐高损失的主要控制因素。

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