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Climate Change and ENSO Effects on Southeastern US Climate Patterns and Maize Yield

机译:气候变化和ENSO对美国东南部气候模式和玉米产量的影响

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摘要

Climate change has a strong influence on weather patterns and significantly affects crop yields globally. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a strong influence on the U.S. climate and is related to agricultural production variability. ENSO effects are location-specific and in southeastern U.S. strongly connect with climate variability. When combined with climate change, the effects on growing season climate patterns and crop yields might be greater than expected. In our study, historical monthly precipitation and temperature data were coupled with non-irrigated maize yield data (33–43 years depending on the location) to show a potential yield suppression of ~15% for one °C increase in southeastern U.S. growing season maximum temperature. Yield suppression ranged between −25 and −2% among locations suppressing the southeastern U.S. average yield trend since 1981 by 17 kg ha−1year−1 (~25%), mainly due to year-to-year June temperature anomalies. Yields varied among ENSO phases from 1971–2013, with greater yields observed during El Niño phase. During La Niña years, maximum June temperatures were higher than Neutral and El Niño, whereas June precipitation was lower than El Niño years. Our data highlight the importance of developing location-specific adaptation strategies quantifying both, climate change and ENSO effects on month-specific growing season climate conditions.
机译:气候变化对天气状况有很大影响,并在全球范围内显着影响农作物产量。厄尔尼诺南方涛动(ENSO)对美国的气候有很大影响,并且与农业生产的可变性有关。 ENSO的影响因地区而异,在美国东南部与气候多变性密切相关。当与气候变化结合时,对生长期气候模式和农作物产量的影响可能大于预期。在我们的研究中,历史月降水量和温度数据与非灌溉玉米产量数据(33-43年,取决于位置)相结合,显示出美国东南部最大生长季节气温每升高1°C,潜在的产量抑制约15%温度。 1981年以来,美国东南部平均单产趋势受到17 bykg ha −1 year -1 (〜25%)的压制,产量抑制在-25%和-2%之间,主要是由于每年六月温度异常。从1971年至2013年,ENSO阶段的产量各不相同,在厄尔尼诺现象期间,观察到的产量更高。在拉尼娜(LaNiña)年期间,六月最高气温高于中性和厄尔尼诺(ElNiño),而六月降水量低于尼诺(ElNiño)年。我们的数据强调了制定针对特定地点的适应策略的重要性,该策略既可以量化气候变化,也可以量化ENSO对特定月份的生长期气候条件的影响。

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