The soil water supply is the main factor that limits dryland crop production in China. In a three-year field experiment at a dryland farming experimental station, we evaluated the effects of various straw mulch practices on soil water storage, grain yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Field experiments were conducted with six different mulch combinations (two different mulch durations and three different mulch amounts): high (SM1; 9000 kg ha−1), medium (SM2; 6000 kg ha−1), and low (SM3; 3000 kg ha−1) straw mulch treatments for the whole period; and high (SM4), medium (SM5) and low (SM6) straw mulch treatments during the growth period only, where the control was the whole period without mulch (CK). Throughout the whole growth period of the three-year experiment, the average soil water content in the 0–200 cm soil layer increased by 0.7–22.5% compared with CK, while the WUE increased significantly by 30.6%, 32.7% and 24.2% with SM1, SM2, and SM3, respectively (P < 0.05). The yield increased by 13.3–23.0% when mulch was provided during the growth period, while the WUE increased by 15.2%, 17.2% and 18.0% with SM4, SM5, and SM6, respectively, compared with CK.
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机译：土壤水供应是限制中国旱地作物生产的主要因素。在旱地农业试验站进行的三年实地试验中，我们评估了各种秸秆覆盖措施对冬小麦（Triticum aestivum）的土壤水分存储，谷物产量和水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。使用六个不同的覆盖组合（两个不同的覆盖持续时间和三个不同的覆盖量）进行了田间试验：高（SM1； 9000; kg ha -1 ），中等（SM2； 6000 kg ha - 1 ）和整个时期（SM3； 3000 kg ha -1 ）低秸秆覆盖处理；高（SM4），中（SM5）和低（SM6）秸秆覆盖处理仅在生育期进行，而对照是整个不覆盖覆盖的时期（CK）。在三年试验的整个生长期中，与CK相比，0-200cm土层中的平均土壤含水量比CK增加了0.7-22.5％，而WUE分别增加了30.6％，32.7％和24.2％。 SM1，SM2和SM3分别为（P <0.05）。与CK相比，在生育期提供覆盖物时，产量增加了13.3–23.0％，而SM4，SM5和SM6的WUE分别增加了15.2％，17.2％和18.0％。
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