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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Scientific Reports >The Effect of Body-Related Stimuli on Mental Rotation in Children Young and Elderly Adults
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The Effect of Body-Related Stimuli on Mental Rotation in Children Young and Elderly Adults

机译：身体相关刺激对儿童年轻人和老年人的心理旋转的影响

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摘要

This study aimed to explore the development of mental rotation ability throughout life by comparing different kinds of stimuli. Thirty-six children (6–9 years-old), 30 young (20–28 years-old) and 30 elderly people (60–82 years-old) performed mental rotation tasks with abstract (i.e. two-dimensional lines) and concrete stimuli (i.e. hands, human/animal faces). The results showed that overall young people outperformed children and elderly people, while children were less accurate than the elderly. However, the effect of age was shaped by the kinds of stimuli: (a) young people were more accurate than children and elderly people particularly with abstract stimuli; (b) elderly people improved their performance with images depicting faces; (c) children performed better with body-related stimuli than animal faces. Finally, performance was more difficult when stimuli were rotated by 180°, especially for younger and older females. We may conclude that the effects of age are modulated by the characteristics of the stimuli with a specific difficulty for abstract stimuli and a facilitation for concrete stimuli. As an innovative aspect, during childhood there appeared a specific facilitation for body-related stimuli, not just for concrete ones. These findings are interpreted according to embodied models of cognitive development and the effects of ageing on the brain.
机译：本研究旨在通过比较不同种类的刺激来探索一生中心理旋转能力的发展。 36名儿童（6–9岁），30名年轻人（20–28岁）和30名老年人（60–82岁）使用抽象的（即二维线）和具体的方式执行了心理旋转任务刺激（即手，人/动物的脸）。结果显示，总体而言，年轻人的表现优于儿童和老人，而儿童的准确性不如老人。但是，年龄的影响取决于刺激的种类：（a）年轻人比儿童和老年人更准确，尤其是具有抽象刺激的人； （b）老年人通过描绘面孔的图像来改善他们的表现； （c）儿童在与身体有关的刺激方面表现优于动物面孔。最后，当将刺激旋转180°时，表现会更加困难，尤其是对于年轻和年长的女性。我们可以得出结论，年龄的影响受刺激物的特征调节，抽象刺激物的特殊困难和具体刺激物的促进特别困难。作为一个创新方面，在儿童时期，对与身体有关的刺激特别是对具体刺激有所促进。这些发现是根据认知发展和衰老对大脑的影响的具体模型进行解释的。

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