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Direct mineralogical imaging of economic ore and rock samples with multi-modal nonlinear optical microscopy

机译：用多模态非线性光学显微镜对经济矿石和岩石样品进行直接矿物学成像

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Multi-modal nonlinear optical (NLO) microscopy, including stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and second harmonic generation (SHG), was used to directly image mineralogical features of economic ore and rock samples. In SRS/SHG imaging, ore samples generally require minimal preparation and may be rapidly imaged, even in their wet state. 3D structural details, at submicron resolution, are revealed tens of microns deep within samples. Standard mineral imaging based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with elemental analysis via energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy, was used to independently validate the mineral composition of the samples. Spatially-resolved SRS from dominant Raman-resonant bands precisely maps the locations of specific minerals contained within the samples. SHG imaging reveals locally non-centrosymmetric structures, such as quartz grains. Competing absorption and nonlinear scattering processes, however, can reduce contrast in SRS imaging. Importantly, the correlation between standard electron microscopy and multi-modal NLO optical microscopy shows that the latter offers rapid image contrast based on the mineral content of the sample.
机译：多模态非线性光学（NLO）显微镜，包括受激拉曼散射（SRS）和二次谐波产生（SHG），用于直接成像经济矿石和岩石样品的矿物学特征。在SRS / SHG成像中，矿石样品通常需要最少的准备，并且即使在潮湿状态下也可以快速成像。在亚微米分辨率下的3D结构细节显示在样品中数十微米深处。使用基于扫描电子显微镜（SEM）的标准矿物成像以及通过能量色散X射线光谱仪进行元素分析，来独立验证样品的矿物成分。来自主要拉曼共振带的空间分辨SRS精确映射了样品中所含特定矿物的位置。 SHG成像显示局部非中心对称的结构，例如石英颗粒。但是，竞争性吸收和非线性散射过程可能会降低SRS成像的对比度。重要的是，标准电子显微镜和多模式NLO光学显微镜之间的相关性表明，后者基于样品的矿物含量可提供快速的图像对比度。

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