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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Scientific Reports >Effect of Electrical Contact Resistance on Measurement of Thermal Conductivity and Wiedemann-Franz Law for Individual Metallic Nanowires
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Effect of Electrical Contact Resistance on Measurement of Thermal Conductivity and Wiedemann-Franz Law for Individual Metallic Nanowires

机译：电接触电阻对单个金属纳米线导热系数和Wiedemann-Franz定律测量的影响

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摘要

The electrical and thermal properties of metallic nanostructures have attracted considerable fundamental and technological interests. Recent studies confirmed a dramatic decrease in the electrical and thermal conductivities when the dimension is comparable or even smaller than the electron mean free path. However, the verification of the Wiedemann-Franz law in these nanostructures remains hotly debated. The Lorenz number obtained from the two-probe measurement is found to be much larger than that from the four-probe measurement. Here, we reported the electrical and thermal properties of the individual silver nanowires measured by the two-probe and four-probe configurations. The measured electrical contact resistance is found to be nearly temperature-independent, indicating a ballistic-dominant electronic transport at the contacts. When the effect of thermal contact resistance is diminished, the Lorenz number measured by the four-probe configuration is comparable to the Sommerfeld value, verifying that the Wiedemann-Franz law holds in the monocrystalline-like silver nanowire. Comparatively, the derived electrical conductivity becomes smaller and the thermal conductivity becomes larger in the two-probe measurement, confirming that the electrical contact resistance will introduce a large error. The present study experimentally demonstrates a reasonable explanation to the discouragingly broad span in the Lorenz number obtained from different metallic nanostructures.
机译：金属纳米结构的电学和热学性质吸引了相当大的基础和技术兴趣。最近的研究证实，当尺寸等于或小于电子平均自由程时，电导率和热导率会急剧下降。然而，在这些纳米结构中对维德曼-弗朗兹定律的验证仍然是热门话题。发现从二探针测量获得的洛伦兹数比从四探针测量获得的洛伦兹数大得多。在这里，我们报告了通过两个探针和四个探针配置测量的单个银纳米线的电学和热学性质。发现测得的电接触电阻几乎与温度无关，表明在触点处以弹道为主导的电子传输。当减小热接触电阻的影响时，通过四探针配置测得的洛伦兹数与索末菲值相当，这证明了维德曼-弗朗兹定律适用于单晶状银纳米线。相比之下，在双探针测量中得出的电导率变小而热导率变大，这证实了电接触电阻会引入较大的误差。本研究实验证明了对从不同金属纳米结构获得的洛伦兹数的令人不快的广​​泛跨度的合理解释。

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