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Discovering geothermal supercritical fluids: a new frontier for seismic exploration

机译：发现地热超临界流体：地震勘探的新领域

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Exploiting supercritical geothermal resources represents a frontier for the next generation of geothermal electrical power plant, as the heat capacity of supercritical fluids (SCF),which directly impacts on energy production, is much higher than that of fluids at subcritical conditions. Reconnaissance and location of intensively permeable and productive horizons at depth is the present limit for the development of SCF geothermal plants. We use, for the first time, teleseismic converted waves (i.e. receiver function) for discovering those horizons in the crust. Thanks to the capability of receiver function to map buried anisotropic materials, the SCF-bearing horizon is seen as the 4km-depth abrupt termination of a shallow, thick, ultra-high (>30%) anisotropic rock volume, in the center of the Larderello geothermal field. The SCF-bearing horizon develops within the granites of the geothermal field, bounding at depth the vapor-filled heavily-fractured rock matrix that hosts the shallow steam-dominated geothermal reservoirs. The sharp termination at depth of the anisotropic behavior of granites, coinciding with a 2 km-thick stripe of seismicity and diffuse fracturing, points out the sudden change in compressibility of the fluid filling the fractures and is a key-evidence of deep fluids that locally traversed the supercritical conditions. The presence of SCF and fracture permeability in nominally ductile granitic rocks open new scenarios for the understanding of magmatic systems and for geothermal exploitation.
机译：开发超临界地热资源代表了下一代地热发电厂的前沿领域，因为直接影响能源生产的超临界流体（SCF）的热容远远高于亚临界条件下的流体的热容。 SCF地热发电厂的发展目前存在极限，即在深处进行渗透性和生产性密集层的勘察和定位。我们第一次使用远震转换波（即接收器功能）来发现地壳中的那些层位。由于接收器功能可以绘制埋藏的各向异性材料的图，所以承载SCF的层位被视为在深部4km处突然终止的浅，厚，超高（> 30％）各向异性岩石体。拉德雷洛地热田。含SCF的层位在地热田的花岗岩内发育，在深处界定了充满蒸汽的重裂岩石基质，该基质承载着以蒸汽为主的浅层地热储层。花岗岩各向异性行为在深度上的急剧终止，与2 km km厚的地震活动性条带和弥散性压裂相吻合，指出了填充裂缝的流体的可压缩性突然变化，这是局部深层流体的关键证据。穿越了超临界条件。 SCF和名义渗透性花岗质岩石中的裂缝渗透率的存在为理解岩浆系统和地热开采开辟了新的前景。

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