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Metagenomic profiling of historic Colorado Front Range flood impact on distribution of riverine antibiotic resistance genes

机译：历史科罗拉多州前洪水的元基因组分析对河流抗生素抗性基因分布的影响

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Record-breaking floods in September 2013 caused massive damage to homes and infrastructure across the Colorado Front Range and heavily impacted the Cache La Poudre River watershed. Given the unique nature of this watershed as a test-bed for tracking environmental pathways of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) dissemination, we sought to determine the impact of extreme flooding on ARG reservoirs in river water and sediment. We utilized high-throughput DNA sequencing to obtain metagenomic profiles of ARGs before and after flooding, and investigated 23 antibiotics and 14 metals as putative selective agents during post-flood recovery. With 277 ARG subtypes identified across samples, total bulk water ARGs decreased following the flood but recovered to near pre-flood abundances by ten months post-flood at both a pristine site and at a site historically heavily influenced by wastewater treatment plants and animal feeding operations. Network analysis of de novo assembled sequencing reads into 52,556 scaffolds identified ARGs likely located on mobile genetic elements, with up to 11 ARGs per plasmid-associated scaffold. Bulk water bacterial phylogeny correlated with ARG profiles while sediment phylogeny varied along the river’s anthropogenic gradient. This rare flood afforded the opportunity to gain deeper insight into factors influencing the spread of ARGs in watersheds.
机译：2013年9月破纪录的洪灾对科罗拉多前山脉的房屋和基础设施造成了巨大破坏，并严重影响了Cache La Poudre河的分水岭。考虑到该流域作为跟踪抗生素抗性基因（ARG）传播环境途径的试验床的独特性质，我们试图确定极端洪水对河水和沉积物中ARG水库的影响。我们利用高通量DNA测序获得洪水前后ARG的宏基因组图谱，并在洪水后恢复期间调查了23种抗生素和14种金属作为推定的选择剂。在整个样本中确定了277种ARG亚型后，洪水后十个月内，在原始地点以及历史上受到废水处理厂和动物饲养业务严重影响的地点，总的散装水ARGs均下降，但到洪水后十个月恢复到接近洪水前的丰度。 。从头组装测序的网络分析读取到52,556个支架中，鉴定出的ARG可能位于移动遗传元件上，每个质粒相关支架最多包含11个ARG。大量水细菌系统发育与ARG分布相关，而沉积物系统发育沿河流的人为梯度变化。这次罕见的洪水提供了机会，使人们可以深入了解影响流域ARGs扩散的因素。

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