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Influence of low-temperature nitriding on the strain-induced martensite and laser-quenched austenite in a magnetic encoder made from 304L stainless steel

机译:304L不锈钢制磁性编码器中低温渗氮对应变诱发马氏体和激光淬火奥氏体的影响

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摘要

We have investigated the possibility of producing a magnetic encoder by an innovative process. Instead of turning grooves in the encoder bar for precise positioning, we incorporated the information in 304L stainless steel by transforming the austenite to martensite after bar extrusion in liquid nitrogen and marking it with a laser, which caused a local transformation of martensite back into austenite. 304L has an excellent corrosion resistance, but a low hardness and poor wear resistance, which limits its range of applications. However, nitriding is a very promising way to enhance the mechanical and magnetic properties. After low-temperature nitriding at 400 °C it is clear that both ε- and α′-martensite are present in the deformed microstructure, indicating the simultaneous stress-induced and strain-induced transformations of the austenite. The effects of a laser surface treatment and the consequent appearance of a non-magnetic phase due to the α′ → γ transformation were investigated. The EDS maps show a high concentration of nitrogen in the alternating hard surface layers of γN and α′N (expanded austenite and martensite), but no significantly higher concentration of chromium or iron was detected. The high surface hardness of this nitride layer will lead to steels and encoders with better wear and corrosion resistance.
机译:我们研究了通过创新工艺生产磁性编码器的可能性。我们没有转动编码器条上的凹槽以进行精确定位,而是通过在液氮中将条形挤压后的奥氏体转变为马氏体并用激光标记,从而将信息合并到304L不锈钢中,从而使马氏体局部转变回奥氏体。 304L具有出色的耐腐蚀性,但硬度低且耐磨性差,从而限制了其应用范围。但是,氮化是提高机械性能和磁性能的非常有前途的方法。经过400°C的低温氮化后,很明显ε-和α'-马氏体都存在于变形的微观结构中,表明奥氏体同时发生了应力诱导和应变诱导的转变。研究了激光表面处理的效果以及由于α'→γ相变而导致的非磁性相的出现。 EDS图显示了γN和α'N交替的硬质表面层(膨胀奥氏体和马氏体)中的高氮含量,但未检测到明显更高的铬或铁浓度。该氮化物层的高表面硬度将导致钢和编码器具有更好的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。

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