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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Neurophysiology >Central Pattern Generators: Three members of a peptide family are differentially distributed and elicit differential state-dependent responses in a pattern generator-effector system
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Central Pattern Generators: Three members of a peptide family are differentially distributed and elicit differential state-dependent responses in a pattern generator-effector system

机译：中央模式发生器：肽家族的三个成员差异分布并在模式发生器-效应器系统中引起不同的状态依赖性响应

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C-type allatostatins (AST-Cs) are pleiotropic neuropeptides that are broadly conserved within arthropods; the presence of three AST-C isoforms, encoded by paralog genes, is common. However, these peptides are hypothesized to act through a single receptor, thereby exerting similar bioactivities within each species. We investigated this hypothesis in the American lobster, Homarus americanus, mapping the distributions of AST-C isoforms within relevant regions of the nervous system and digestive tract, and comparing their modulatory influences on the cardiac neuromuscular system. Immunohistochemistry showed that in the pericardial organ, a neuroendocrine release site, AST-C I and/or III and AST-C II are contained within distinct populations of release terminals. Moreover, AST-C I/III-like immunoreactivity was seen in midgut epithelial endocrine cells and the cardiac ganglion (CG), whereas AST-C II-like immunoreactivity was not seen in these tissues. These data suggest that AST-C I and/or III can modulate the CG both locally and hormonally; AST-C II likely acts on the CG solely as a hormonal modulator. Physiological studies demonstrated that all three AST-C isoforms can exert differential effects, including both increases and decreases, on contraction amplitude and frequency when perfused through the heart. However, in contrast to many state-dependent modulatory changes, the changes in contraction amplitude and frequency elicited by the AST-Cs were not functions of the baseline parameters. The responses to AST-C I and III, neither of which is COOH-terminally amidated, are more similar to one another than they are to the responses elicited by AST-C II, which is COOH-terminally amidated. These results suggest that the three AST-C isoforms are differentially distributed in the lobster nervous system/midgut and can elicit distinct behaviors from the cardiac neuromuscular system, with particular structural features, e.g., COOH-terminal amidation, likely important in determining the effects of the peptides.>NEW & NOTEWORTHY Multiple isoforms of many peptides exert similar effects on neural circuits. In this study we show that each of the three isoforms of C-type allatostatin (AST-C) can exert differential effects, including both increases and decreases in contraction amplitude and frequency, on the lobster cardiac neuromuscular system. The distribution of effects elicited by the nonamidated isoforms AST-C I and III are more similar to one another than to the effects of the amidated AST-C II.
机译：C型阿托伐他汀（AST-Cs）是节肢动物中广泛保守的多效神经肽。通常存在由旁系同源基因编码的三种AST-C同工型。然而，假设这些肽通过单个受体起作用，从而在每个物种内发挥相似的生物活性。我们在美洲龙虾美国大螯虾中研究了这一假设，绘制了神经系统和消化道相关区域内AST-C同工型的分布图，并比较了它们对心脏神经肌肉系统的调节作用。免疫组织化学表明，在心包器官中，神经内分泌释放位点，AST-C I和/或III和AST-C II包含在不同的释放末端群体中。此外，在中肠上皮内分泌细胞和心脏神经节（CG）中观察到AST-C I / III样免疫反应，而在这些组织中未观察到AST-C II样免疫反应。这些数据表明AST-C I和/或III可以在局部和激素水平上调节CG。 AST-C II可能仅作为激素调节剂作用于CG。生理研究表明，当通过心脏灌注时，所有三种AST-C同工型均可对收缩幅度和频率产生不同的作用，包括增加和减少。但是，与许多状态相关的调制变化相比，AST-C引起的收缩幅度和频率变化不是基线参数的函数。对AST-C I和III的响应都没有被COOH末端酰胺化，两者之间的响应比对由AST-C II引起的响应更是相似的，后者是由COOH末端酰胺化的。这些结果表明，三种AST-C同工型在龙虾神经系统/中肠中分布不同，可以引起与心脏神经肌肉系统不同的行为，具有特定的结构特征，例如COOH末端酰胺化，这可能对确定神经胶质的影响很重要。 > NEW＆NOTEWORTHY （许多肽的多种同工型）对神经回路具有相似的作用。在这项研究中，我们表明C型阿托伐他汀（AST-C）的三种同工型中的每一种都可以对龙虾心脏神经肌肉系统产生不同的作用，包括收缩幅度和频率的增加和减少。与酰胺化的AST-C II的作用相比，非酰胺化的异构体AST-C I和III引起的作用分布更加相似。

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