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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Environmental variables associated with Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii population structure and Swiss needle cast severity in Western Oregon and Washington
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Environmental variables associated with Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii population structure and Swiss needle cast severity in Western Oregon and Washington

机译：与俄勒冈州西部和华盛顿州Nophaphaeocryptopus gaeumannii种群结构和瑞士针刺病严重程度相关的环境变量

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摘要

The environment has a strong influence on the abundance and distribution of plant pathogenic organisms and plays a major role in plant disease. Climatological factors may also alter the dynamics of the interactions between plant pathogens and their hosts. Nothophaeocryptopus (=Phaeocryptopus) gaeumannii, the causal agent of Swiss needle cast (SNC) of Douglas‐fir, is endemic to western North America where it exists as two sympatric, reproductively isolated lineages. The abundance of this fungus and the severity of SNC are strongly influenced by climate. We used statistical and population genetic analyses to examine relationships between environment, pathogen population structure, and SNC severity. Although N. gaeumannii Lineage 2 in western Oregon and Washington was most abundant where SNC symptoms were most severe, we did not detect a significant relationship between Lineage 2 and disease severity. Warmer winter temperatures were inversely correlated with foliage retention (AFR) and positively correlated with the relative abundance of Lineage 2 (PL2). However when distance inland, which was strongly correlated with both AFR and PL2, was included in the model, there was no significant relationship between Lineage 2 and AFR. Spring/early summer dew point temperatures also were positively associated with total N. gaeumannii abundance (colonization index (CI)) and inversely correlated with AFR. Warmer summer mean temperatures were associated with lower CI and higher AFR. Our results suggest that the two lineages have overlapping environmental optima, but slightly different tolerance ranges. Lineage 2 was absent from more inland sites where winters are colder and summers are warm and dry, while Lineage 1 occurred at most sites across an environmental gradient suggesting broader environmental tolerance. These relationships suggest that climate influences the abundance and distribution of this ecologically important plant pathogen and may have played a role in the evolutionary divergence of these two cryptic fungal lineages.
机译：环境对植物病原生物的丰富度和分布有很大影响，并且在植物病害中起主要作用。气候因素也可能改变植物病原体与其宿主之间相互作用的动力学。道格拉斯冷杉的瑞士针铸法（SNC）的致病病原体是原产于北美洲西部，它以两个同胞，生殖隔离的世系存在。这种真菌的丰度和SNC的严重程度受到气候的强烈影响。我们使用统计和种群遗传分析来检查环境，病原体种群结构和SNC严重性之间的关系。尽管俄勒冈州西部和华盛顿的N.gaeumannii谱系2在SNC症状最严重的地方最为丰富，但我们没有发现谱系2与疾病严重程度之间的显着关系。冬季较暖的温度与叶片保持力（AFR）成反比，与谱系2（PL2）的相对丰度成正比。但是，当模型中包括与AFR和PL2都密切相关的内陆距离时，谱系2和AFR之间没有显着关系。春季/夏季初的露点温度也与gamannmannii的总丰度（定殖指数（CI））呈正相关，与AFR呈负相关。夏季温暖的平均温度与较低的CI和较高的AFR相关。我们的结果表明，这两个世系具有最佳的重叠环境，但公差范围略有不同。在冬季较冷，夏季温暖干燥的内陆地区，则没有沿袭2世系，而沿环境梯度变化的多数内陆地区则是沿袭1世系，这表明其对环境的耐受性更强。这些关系表明，气候影响了这种具有重要生态意义的植物病原体的丰度和分布，并且可能在这两个隐秘真菌谱系的进化差异中发挥了作用。

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