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Pulsed resource availability changes dietary niche breadth and partitioning between generalist rodent consumers

机译：脉冲资源的可利用性改变了饮食生态位的宽度和通才啮齿动物消费者之间的分配

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Identifying the mechanisms that structure niche breadth and overlap between species is important for determining how species interact and assessing their functional role in an ecosystem. Without manipulative experiments, assessing the role of foraging ecology and interspecific competition in structuring diet is challenging. Systems with regular pulses of resources act as a natural experiment to investigate the factors that influence the dietary niches of consumers. We used natural pulses of mast‐fruiting of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) to test whether optimal foraging or competition structure the dietary niche breadth and overlap between two congener rodent species (Peromyscus leucopus and P. maniculatus), both of which are generalist consumers. We reconstructed diets seasonally over a 2‐year period using stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N) of hair and of potential dietary items and measured niche dynamics using standard ellipse area calculated within a Bayesian framework. Changes in niche breadth were generally consistent with predictions of optimal foraging theory, with both species consuming more beechnuts (a high‐quality food resource) and having a narrower niche breadth during masting seasons compared to nonmasting seasons when dietary niches expanded and more fungi (a low‐quality food source) were consumed. In contrast, changes in dietary niche overlap were consistent with competition theory, with higher diet overlap during masting seasons than during nonmasting seasons. Overall, dietary niche dynamics were closely tied to beech masting, underscoring that food availability influences competition. Diet plasticity and niche partitioning between the two Peromyscus species may reflect differences in foraging strategies, thereby reducing competition when food availability is low. Such dietary shifts may have important implications for changes in ecosystem function, including the dispersal of fungal spores.
机译：确定构成物种生态位宽度和重叠的机制对于确定物种如何相互作用以及评估其在生态系统中的功能至关重要。没有操纵性实验，评估觅食生态和种间竞争在构造饮食中的作用是具有挑战性的。具有规则资源脉动的系统充当一项自然实验，以研究影响消费者饮食壁ni的因素。我们使用美国山毛榉（Fagus grandifolia）结实的自然脉冲来测试最佳觅食或竞争结构是否能在两个同类啮齿动物（Peromyscus leucopus和P. maniculatus）之间形成饮食生态位的广度和重叠结构。我们使用稳定的同位素分析（头发和潜在饮食项目的同位素分析（δ 13 C，δ 15 N），在2年内季节性重构饮食，并使用标准品测量了生态位动态）在贝叶斯框架内计算的椭圆面积。生态位宽度的变化通常与最佳觅食理论的预测相一致，与非成熟季节相比，这两种物种在节食季节都消耗更多的山毛榉（一种优质的食物资源），并且其生态位宽度较狭窄，而饮食生态位的扩大和非真菌季节的真菌数量更多。消耗了劣质食品）。相比之下，饮食生态位重叠的变化与竞争理论相符，在肥大季节比非肥大季节的饮食重叠更高。总体而言，饮食生态位动态与山毛榉的肥育紧密相关，强调了食物的供应量会影响竞争。两种Peromyscus种类之间的饮食可塑性和生态位分配可能反映了觅食策略的差异，从而在食物供应不足时减少了竞争。这种饮食变化可能会对生态系统功能的变化（包括真菌孢子的扩散）产生重要影响。

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