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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Human Kinetics >Differences in the Efficiency Between the Grab and Track Starts for Both Genders in Greek Young Swimmers
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Differences in the Efficiency Between the Grab and Track Starts for Both Genders in Greek Young Swimmers

机译：希腊年轻游泳选手两性争夺战的起跑效率和起跑效率之间的差异

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The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the kinematic parameters between the grab and track starts and the differences in these two starts between genders. A total of 27 swimmers at the competitive level participated in the study, 13 boys (mean ± SD: age 15.8 ± 0.8 years, body mass 67.7 ± 7.7 kg and body height 178.6 ± 5.7 cm) and 14 girls (mean ± SD: age 16 ± 0.8 years, body mass 59.2 ± 6.6 kg and body height 166.2 ± 6.7 cm). Each swimmer performed three attempts for both start techniques. The best attempt of the grab start and the track start was taken for further analysis. The following kinematic parameters were analysed: flight distance, flight time, flight velocity, entry angle and reaction time. The males had greater numeric values for the results in all kinematic parameters for the grab start compared with the track start, except for flight velocity and entry angle (flight time 0.42 vs. 0.41 s, flight distance 3.21 vs. 3.14 m, flight velocity 7.76 vs. 7.83 m/s, entry angle 44.22 vs. 43.85 degrees and reaction time 0.86 vs. 0.81 s). The females also had greater numeric values for the results in all kinematic parameters for the grab start compared with the track start, except for flight time (flight time 0.38 vs. 0.38 s, flight distance 2.82 vs. 2.73 m, flight velocity 7.47 vs. 7.31 m/s, entry angle 45.18 vs. 44.79 degrees and reaction time 0.88 vs. 0.82 s). These results indicate that the males had significantly better results for flight time and flight distance compared with the females for the grab start (flight time 0.42 vs. 0.38 s, flight distance 3.21 vs. 2.82 m). In the case of the track start, the males had significantly better results for flight distance (3.14 vs. 2.73 m). Exploring the characteristics of the two starts did not lead to any significant kinematic differences. Therefore, a conclusion that demonstrates the superiority of one of the techniques cannot be reached. The coach, together with each swimmer individually, should devote some time to decide after some tests what type of start is better for the body type and general qualifications of the swimmer.
机译：这项研究的目的是确定抓地和跟踪起点之间运动学参数的差异以及性别之间这两个起点之间的差异。共有27名具有竞争水平的游泳者参加了研究，其中13名男孩（平均±SD：年龄15.8±0.8岁，体重67.7±7.7公斤，身高178.6±5.7 cm）和14个女孩（平均±SD：年龄） 16±0.8岁，体重59.2±6.6公斤，身高166.2±6.7厘米）。每位游泳者都对这两种起跑技术进行了3次尝试。抓取开始和跟踪开始的最佳尝试已用于进一步分析。分析了以下运动学参数：飞行距离，飞行时间，飞行速度，进入角和反应时间。与起跑相比，抓握起跑的所有运动学参数中，雄性的结果数值更大，但飞行速度和进入角除外（飞行时间0.42对0.41 s，飞行距离3.21对3.14 m，飞行速度7.76相对于7.83 m / s，入射角为44.22与43.85度，反应时间为0.86与0.81 s）。除了飞行时间（飞行时间0.38 vs. 0.38 s，飞行距离2.82 vs. 2.73 m，飞行速度7.47 vs.，飞行时间）以外，女性在抓地起步的所有运动学参数中的结果的数值也都大于跑道起步。 7.31 m / s，入射角45.18 vs. 44.79度，反应时间0.88 vs. 0.82 s）。这些结果表明，男性在抓地起跑方面的飞行时间和飞行距离明显优于女性（飞行时间0.42对0.38 s，飞行距离3.21对2.82 m）。在起跑的情况下，雄性的飞行距离结果要好得多（3.14对2.73 m）。探索两个启动的特征并没有导致任何明显的运动学差异。因此，无法得出证明其中一种技术优越性的结论。教练应与每个游泳者一起，应花费一些时间在一些测试后决定哪种类型的开始对游泳者的体型和一般资格更好。

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