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Effects of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar on the nitrification and ammonia oxidizers in an intensive vegetable soil

机译：氮肥与生物炭配合施用对菜地硝化和氨氧化的影响。

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Soil amended with single biochar or nitrogen (N) fertilizer has frequently been reported to alter soil nitrification process due to its impact on soil properties. However, little is known about the dynamic response of nitrification and ammonia-oxidizers to the combined application of biochar and N fertilizer in intensive vegetable soil. In this study, an incubation experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of biochar and N fertilizer application on soil nitrification, abundance and community shifts of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) in Hangzhou greenhouse vegetable soil. Results showed that single application of biochar had no significant effect on soil net nitrification rates and ammonia-oxidizers. Conversely, the application of only N fertilizer and N fertilizer + biochar significantly increased net nitrification rate and the abundance of AOB rather than AOA, and only AOB abundance was significantly correlated with soil net nitrification rate. Moreover, the combined application of N fertilizer and biochar had greater effect on AOB communities than that of the only N fertilizers, and the relative abundance of 156 bp T-RF (Nitrosospira cluster 3c) decreased but 60 bp T-RF (Nitrosospira cluster 3a and cluster 0) increased to become a single predominant group. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all the AOB sequences were grouped into Nitrosospira cluster, and most of AOA sequences were clustered within group 1.1b. We concluded that soil nitrification was stimulated by the combined application of N fertilizer and biochar via enhancing the abundance and shifting the community composition of AOB rather than AOA in intensive vegetable soil.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13568-017-0498-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
机译：经常有报道称用单一生物炭或氮（N）肥料改良过的土壤会改变土壤硝化过程，因为它会影响土壤特性。然而，关于硝化和氨氧化剂对强化蔬菜土中生物炭和氮肥联合施用的动态响应知之甚少。在这项研究中，设计了一个孵化实验，以评估生物炭和氮肥的施用对杭州温室蔬菜土壤中硝化，氨氧化细菌（AOB）和氨氧化古细菌（AOA）的丰度和群落迁移的影响。结果表明，单次施用生物炭对土壤净硝化率和氨氧化剂没有显着影响。相反，仅施用氮肥和氮肥+生物炭显着提高了净硝化率和AOB的丰度而不是AOA的丰度，仅AOB的丰度与土壤净硝化率显着相关。此外，氮肥和生物炭的联合施用对AOB群落的影响要大于仅氮肥，并且156 bp T-RF（亚硝基螺菌簇3c）的相对丰度降低，但60 bp T-RF（亚硝基螺菌簇3a）的相对丰度降低和簇0）增加到成为一个主要组。系统发育分析表明，所有的AOB序列都被分为亚硝基螺旋体簇，而大多数的AOA序列都被簇聚在1.1b组中。我们得出的结论是，氮肥和生物炭的结合施用可通过增强密集型蔬菜土壤中的AOB而不是AOA的丰度并改变其群落组成来促进土壤硝化。电子补充材料本文的在线版本（10.1186 / s13568-017- 0498-7）包含补充材料，授权用户可以使用。

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