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Hypertonia-linked protein Trak1 functions with mitofusins to promote mitochondrial tethering and fusion

机译:高渗相关蛋白Trak1与线粒体融合蛋白一起促进线粒体束缚和融合

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摘要

Hypertonia is a neurological dysfunction associated with a number of central nervous system disorders, including cerebral palsy, Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, and epilepsy. Genetic studies have identified a homozygous truncation mutation in Trak1 that causes hypertonia in mice. Moreover, elevated Trak1 protein expression is associated with several types of cancers and variants in Trak1 are linked to childhood absence epilepsy in humans. Despite the importance of Trak1 in health and disease, the mechanisms of Trak1 action remain unclear and the pathogenic effects of Trak1 mutation are unknown. Here we report that Trak1 has a crucial function in regulation of mitochondrial fusion. Depletion of Trak1 inhibits mitochondrial fusion, resulting in mitochondrial fragmentation, whereas overexpression of Trak1 elongates and enlarges mitochondria. Our analyses revealed that Trak1 interacts and colocalizes with mitofusins on the outer mitochondrial membrane and functions with mitofusins to promote mitochondrial tethering and fusion. Furthermore, Trak1 is required for stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion and pro-survival response. We found that hypertonia-associated mutation impairs Trak1 mitochondrial localization and its ability to facilitate mitochondrial tethering and fusion. Our findings uncover a novel function of Trak1 as a regulator of mitochondrial fusion and provide evidence linking dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics to hypertonia pathogenesis.
机译:高渗是与许多中枢神经系统疾病有关的神经功能障碍,包括脑瘫,帕金森氏病,肌张力障碍和癫痫。遗传研究已确定Trak1中的纯合性截断突变导致小鼠高渗。此外,Trak1蛋白表达升高与多种类型的癌症有关,Trak1的变异与人类儿童期癫痫病有关。尽管Trak1在健康和疾病中具有重要意义,但Trak1的作用机制仍不清楚,并且Trak1突变的致病作用尚不清楚。在这里,我们报道Trak1在调节线粒体融合中具有至关重要的功能。 Trak1的耗竭抑制线粒体融合,导致线粒体片段化,而Trak1的过表达延长并增大线粒体。我们的分析表明,Trak1与线粒体外膜上的线粒体融合蛋白相互作用并共定位,并与线粒体融合蛋白一起促进线粒体的束缚和融合。此外,Trak1是应激诱导的线粒体过度融合和促生存反应所必需的。我们发现高渗相关突变损害Trak1线粒体的定位及其促进线粒体束缚和融合的能力。我们的发现揭示了Trak1作为线粒体融合调节因子的新功能,并提供了将线粒体动力学失调与高渗症发病机理联系起来的证据。

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