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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Evolutionary Applications >A mosaic of phenotypic variation in giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): Local‐ and continental‐scale patterns in a range‐expanding agricultural weed
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A mosaic of phenotypic variation in giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): Local‐ and continental‐scale patterns in a range‐expanding agricultural weed

机译：豚草（Ambrosia trifida）的表型变异镶嵌：范围扩大的农业杂草中的本地和大陆尺度模式

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Spatial patterns of trait variation across a species' range have implications for population success and evolutionary change potential, particularly in range‐expanding and weedy species that encounter distinct selective pressures at large and small spatial scales simultaneously. We investigated intraspecific trait variation in a common garden experiment with giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida), a highly variable agricultural weed with an expanding geographic range and broad ecological amplitude. Our study included paired populations from agricultural and natural riparian habitats in each of seven regions ranging east to west from the core of the species' distribution in central Ohio to southeastern Minnesota, which is nearer the current invasion front. We observed trait variation across both large‐ and small‐scale putative selective gradients. At large scales, giant ragweed populations from the westernmost locations were nearly four times more fecund and had a nearly 50% increase in reproductive allocation compared to populations from the core. The degree of surface texture on fruits also declined from east to west. Greater fecundity in the west represents a putative trade‐off between fruit size and fruit number across the study region, although no such trade‐off was found across individual plants. This pattern may effectively result in greater propagule pressure closer to the invasion front. At smaller spatial scales, plants from agricultural populations emerged later and were smaller than plants from riparian populations. However, because plants from agricultural populations allocated more biomass to reproduction, total fecundity did not differ across habitats. Our emergence data are consistent with previous observations showing delayed emergence in agricultural compared to natural populations; thus evolutionary change may be predictable as giant ragweed continues spreading into agricultural fields throughout North America. These shifts in life‐history strategy apparently bear no fecundity cost, suggesting that giant ragweed's success can be attributed at least in part to its substantial adaptive potential.
机译：一个物种范围内性状变异的空间格局对种群成功和进化变化潜力具有影响，特别是在范围扩大和杂草物种同时在大大小小的空间尺度上遇到不同的选择压力时。我们在一个常见的花园实验中调查了豚草的性状变异，该豚草是豚草（Ambrosia trifida），这是一种高度可变的农业杂草，具有不断扩大的地理范围和广泛的生态振幅。我们的研究包括从俄亥俄州中部的物种分布的核心到明尼苏达州东南部的七个区域中的每个区域，这些区域来自农业和自然河岸生境，该区域从东西向向东到西向明尼苏达州东南部，该区域更接近当前的入侵前沿。我们观察到在大型和小型推定选择性梯度上的性状变异。从最大规模来看，最西部地区的豚草种群数量是繁殖力的近四倍，与核心地区的种群相比，其繁殖分配增加了近50％。水果表面纹理的程度也从东到西下降。西部的繁殖力较高，这表明整个研究区域的果实大小和果实数量之间存在可能的折衷，尽管在各个植物之间均未发现这种折衷。这种模式可以有效地导致靠近入侵前沿的传播压力更大。在较小的空间尺度上，来自农业种群的植物出现得较晚，并且比来自河岸种群的植物要小。但是，由于来自农业种群的植物分配了更多的生物量进行繁殖，因此不同生境的总繁殖力没有差异。我们的涌现数据与以前的观察结果一致，这些发现表明与自然种群相比，农业的出现出现延迟；因此，随着巨型豚草继续扩散到整个北美的农业领域，进化的变化是可以预见的。生命历史策略的这些变化显然不影响生育力，这表明豚草的成功至少可以部分归因于其巨大的适应潜力。

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