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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Conservation Physiology >Effects of salinity on upstream-migrating spawning sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus
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Effects of salinity on upstream-migrating spawning sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus

机译：盐度对上游迁徙产卵海七rey鱼双孢海藻的影响

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摘要

The sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, is an anadromous, semelparous species that is vulnerable to endangered in parts of its native range due in part to loss of spawning habitat because of man-made barriers. The ability of lampreys to return to the ocean or estuary and search out alternative spawning river systems would be limited by their osmoregulatory ability in seawater. A reduction in tolerance to salinity has been documented in migrants, although the underlying mechanisms have not been characterized. We examined the capacity for marine osmoregulation in upstream spawning migrants by characterizing the physiological effects of salinity challenge from a molecular perspective. Estuarine-captured migrants held in freshwater (FW) for ∼1 week (short-term acclimation) or 2 months (long-term acclimation) underwent an incremental salinity challenge until loss of equilibrium occurred and upper thresholds of 25 and 17.5, respectively, occurred. Regardless of salinity tolerance, all lamprey downregulated FW ion-uptake mechanisms [gill transcripts of Na+:Cl− cotransporter (NCC/slc12a3) and epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC/scnn1) and kidney Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) protein and activity but not transcript]. At their respective salinity limits, lamprey displayed a clear osmoregulatory failure and were unable to regulate [Na+] and [Cl−] in plasma and intestinal fluid within physiological limits, becoming osmocompromised. A >90% drop in haematocrit indicated haemolysis, and higher plasma concentrations of the cytosolic enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase indicated damage to other tissues, including liver. However, >80% of short-term FW-acclimated fish were able to osmoregulate efficiently, with less haemolysis and tissue damage. This osmoregulatory ability was correlated with significant upregulation of the secretory form of Na+:K+:2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1/slc12a2) transcript levels and the re-emergence of seawater-type ionocytes detected through immunohistochemical NKA immunoreactivity in the gill, the central ionoregulatory organ. This work sheds light on the molecular and physiological limits to the potential return to seawater for lampreys searching for alternative FW systems in which to spawn.
机译：海七lamp鱼（Petromyzon marinus）是一种过时的，疏生的物种，由于其人为的屏障而部分丧失了产卵的栖息地，因此在其本地范围的部分地区很容易受到威胁。七lamp鳗返回海洋或河口并寻找替代产卵河系的能力将受到它们在海水中渗透调节能力的限制。移民对盐度的耐受性有所降低，尽管其潜在机制尚未得到描述。我们通过从分子角度表征盐度挑战的生理效应，研究了上游产卵移民体内海洋渗透调节的能力。在淡水（FW）中被捕获的河口移民持续约1周（短期适应）或2周月（长期适应）经历了盐度递增挑战，直到失去平衡并分别达到25和17.5的上限。不管耐盐性如何，所有七lamp鳗下调的FW离子吸收机制[Na + ：Cl -共转运蛋白（NCC / slc12a3）和上皮Na + < / sup>通道（ENaC / scnn1）和肾脏Na + / K + -ATPase（NKA）蛋白和活性，但无转录本]。在它们各自的盐度极限下，七lamp鳗显示出明显的渗透调节失败，并且无法在生理极限内调节血浆和肠液中的[Na + ]和[Cl -]，渗透受损。血细胞比容下降> 90％表示溶血，而血浆中血浆溶质酶丙氨酸氨基转移酶，天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和乳酸脱氢酶的较高浓度表明对包括肝脏在内的其他组织的损害。但是，> 80％的短期FW适应鱼类能够有效渗透，而溶血和组织损伤更少。这种渗透调节能力与Na + ：K + ：2Cl -协同转运蛋白（NKCC1 / slc12a2）转录水平的显着上调相关并通过免疫组织化学NKA免疫反应性在，（中央离子调节器官）中检测到海水型离子细胞的重新出现。这项工作揭示了分子生物学和生理学上的限制，为七lamp鳗寻找可能在其中产卵的FW系统返回海水的潜在可能性。

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