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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Strong indication of an extinction‐based saturation of the flora on the Pacific Robinson Crusoe Islands
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Strong indication of an extinction‐based saturation of the flora on the Pacific Robinson Crusoe Islands

机译：有力地表明了太平洋鲁滨逊漂流记群岛上物种灭绝的饱和度

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Oceanic islands are vulnerable ecosystems and their flora has been under pressure since the arrival of the first humans. Human activities and both deliberately and inadvertently introduced biota have had and continue to have a severe impact on island endemic plants. The number of alien plants has increased nearly linearly on many islands, perhaps resulting in extinction‐based saturation of island floras. Here, we provide evidence for such a scenario in Alejandro Selkirk, Robinson Crusoe Islands (Archipelago Juan Fernández, Chile). We compared species richness and species composition of historical vegetation samples from 1917 with recent ones from 2011. Changes in species’ relative occurrence frequency were related to their taxonomic affiliation, dispersal mode, distribution status, and humidity and temperature preferences. While total species richness of vascular plants remained relatively similar, species composition changed significantly. Plants endemic to the Robinson Crusoe Islands declined, exotic species increased substantially within the period of ca. 100 years. Further, the relative occurrence frequency of plants with preferences for very warm and humid climate decreased, while the opposite was found for plants preferring drier and colder environments. Potential drivers responsible for this dramatic shift in the vegetation within only one century might have been the large goat population affecting especially small populations of endemic plants and climatic changes. Taking into account a substantial extinction debt, we expect further shifts in the vegetation of this small oceanic island toward alien plants. This would have significant negative consequences on global biodiversity, considering that island floras contribute substantially to global plant species richness due to their high proportion of endemics.
机译：自第一批人类到来以来，海洋岛屿是脆弱的生态系统，其植物区系一直承受着压力。人类活动以及故意和无意引入的生物群系已经并且继续对岛屿特有植物产生严重影响。在许多岛屿上，外来植物的数量几乎呈线性增长，这可能导致了基于灭绝的岛屿植物群的饱和。在这里，我们为鲁滨逊漂流记群岛（智利阿奇佩拉戈·胡安·费尔南德斯）的亚历杭德罗·塞尔基克提供了这种情况的证据。我们将1917年以来的历史植被样本与2011年以来的近期植被样本的物种丰富度和物种组成进行了比较。物种相对发生频率的变化与它们的分类学隶属关系，分散模式，分布状态以及湿度和温度偏好有关。虽然维管植物的总物种丰富度保持相对相似，但物种组成却发生了显着变化。鲁宾逊漂流群岛的特有植物数量减少，在大约2000年期间外来物种大量增加。 100年。此外，偏爱非常温暖和潮湿气候的植物的相对发生频率降低，而偏爱干燥和较冷环境的植物则相反。仅仅一个世纪之内造成植被急剧变化的潜在驱动因素可能是山羊种群过多，特别是少量的地方性植物种群和气候变化。考虑到大量的灭绝债务，我们预计这个小海洋岛屿的植被将进一步向外来植物转移。考虑到岛屿植物区系因其高比例的特有性而大大促进了全球植物物种的丰富性，这将对全球生物多样性产生重大不利影响。

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