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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Law and the Biosciences >The use of neuroscientific evidence in the courtroom by those accused of criminal offenses in England and Wales
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The use of neuroscientific evidence in the courtroom by those accused of criminal offenses in England and Wales

机译：英格兰和威尔士被指控犯有刑事罪行的人在法庭上使用神经科学证据

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摘要

This examination of the extent of the use of neuroscientific evidence in England and Wales identifies 204 reported cases in which such evidence has been used by those accused of criminal offenses during the eight-year period from 2005–12. Based on the number of reported cases found, the use of such evidence appears well established with those accused of criminal offenses utilizing such evidence in approximately 1 per cent of cases in the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division). Neuroscientific evidence is used to quash convictions, to lead to convictions for lesser offenses and to lead to reduced sentences. In addition, cases are identified where neuroscientific evidence is used to avoid extradition, to challenge bail conditions and to resist prosecution appeals against unduly lenient sentences. The range of uses identified is wide: including challenging prosecution evidence as to the cause of death or injury, challenging the credibility of witnesses and arguing that those convicted were unfit to plead, lacked mens rea or were entitled to mental condition defenses. The acceptance of such evidence reflects the willingness of the courts in England and Wales to hear novel scientific argument, where it is valid and directly relevant to the issue(s) to be decided. Indeed, in some of the cases the courts expressed an expectation that structural brain scan evidence should have been presented to support the argument being made.
机译：这项对英格兰和威尔士使用神经科学证据的程度的检查，确定了204例报告的案例，这些案例在2005-12的八年期间被那些被指控犯有刑事罪行的人使用。根据发现的报告案件数量，在上诉法院（刑事庭）约有1％的案件中，使用此类证据似乎很容易被指控犯有此类罪行的被告使用。神经科学的证据被用于平息定罪，对较轻的罪行定罪，并减少刑罚。此外，还确定了使用神经科学证据避免引渡，挑战保释条件并抵制针对不当宽大判决的起诉的案件。确定用途的范围很广：包括对死亡或受伤原因的起诉证据提出质疑，对证人的可信度提出质疑，并辩称被定罪的人不适合辩护，缺乏男性罪行或有权获得精神状况辩护。接受此类证据反映了英格兰和威尔士法院愿意听取新颖的科学论证的意愿，该论据是有效的且与要裁决的问题直接相关。确实，在某些情况下，法院表示期望应该提供结构性的脑部扫描证据以支持所提出的论点。

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