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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Investigating the effects of age‐related spatial structuring on the transmission of a tick‐borne virus in a colonially breeding host
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Investigating the effects of age‐related spatial structuring on the transmission of a tick‐borne virus in a colonially breeding host

机译：调查与年龄相关的空间结构对a传播宿主中a传病毒传播的影响

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Higher pathogen and parasite transmission is considered a universal cost of colonial breeding due to the physical proximity of colony members. However, this has rarely been tested in natural colonies, which are structured entities, whose members interact with a subset of individuals and differ in their infection histories. We use a population of common guillemots, Uria aalge, infected by a tick‐borne virus, Great Island virus, to explore how age‐related spatial structuring can influence the infection costs borne by different members of a breeding colony. Previous work has shown that the per‐susceptible risk of infection (force of infection) is different for prebreeding (immature) and breeding (adult) guillemots which occupy different areas of the colony. We developed a mathematical model which showed that this difference in infection risk can only be maintained if mixing between these age groups is low. To estimate mixing between age groups, we recorded the movements of 63 individually recognizable, prebreeding guillemots in four different parts of a major colony in the North Sea during the breeding season. Prebreeding guillemots infrequently entered breeding areas (in only 26% of watches), though with marked differences in frequency of entry among individuals and more entries toward the end of the breeding season. Once entered, the proportion of time spent in breeding areas by prebreeding guillemots also varied between different parts of the colony. Our data and model predictions indicate low levels of age‐group mixing, limiting exposure of breeding guillemots to infection. However, they also suggest that prebreeding guillemots have the potential to play an important role in driving infection dynamics. This highlights the sensitivity of breeding colonies to changes in the behavior of their members—a subject of particular importance in the context of global environmental change.
机译：由于菌落成员的物理接近性，较高的病原体和寄生虫传播被认为是菌落繁殖的普遍成本。但是，这很少在自然菌落中进行过测试，自然菌落是结构化的实体，其成员与一部分个体相互作用并且感染历史不同。我们使用被a传病毒大岛病毒感染的普通海雀科动物，乌里亚海藻，探索与年龄相关的空间结构如何影响繁殖群体不同成员的感染成本。先前的研究表明，占据种群不同区域的预繁殖（未成熟）和繁殖（成年）海雀科动物的易感感染风险（感染力）不同。我们开发了一个数学模型，该模型表明，只有在这些年龄组之间的混合比例较低的情况下，才能保持感染风险的这种差异。为了估计不同年龄组之间的混合情况，我们在繁殖季节记录了北海主要殖民地四个不同地方的63种可单独识别的，预繁殖的海雀科动物的运动。预繁殖的海雀很少进入繁殖区（仅占表的26％），尽管个体进入的频率明显不同，并且在繁殖季节结束时进入的频率更高。一旦输入，通过海雀预繁殖在繁殖区花费的时间比例在殖民地的不同部分之间也有所不同。我们的数据和模型预测表明，低年龄组混合水平低，限制了繁殖海雀科动物受到感染的机会。但是，他们还暗示，预繁殖的海雀科动物有可能在驱动感染动态中发挥重要作用。这凸显了繁殖群体对其成员行为变化的敏感性，这在全球环境变化的背景下尤为重要。

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