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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications >Visual completion from 2D cross-sections: Implications for visual theory and STEM education and practice
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Visual completion from 2D cross-sections: Implications for visual theory and STEM education and practice

机译：二维横截面的视觉完成：对视觉理论以及STEM教育和实践的启示

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摘要

Accurately inferring three-dimensional (3D) structure from only a cross-section through that structure is not possible. However, many observers seem to be unaware of this fact. We present evidence for a 3D amodal completion process that may explain this phenomenon and provide new insights into how the perceptual system processes 3D structures. Across four experiments, observers viewed cross-sections of common objects and reported whether regions visible on the surface extended into the object. If they reported that the region extended, they were asked to indicate the orientation of extension or that the 3D shape was unknowable from the cross-section. Across Experiments 1, 2, and 3, participants frequently inferred 3D forms from surface views, showing a specific prior to report that regions in the cross-section extend straight back into the object, with little variance in orientation. In Experiment 3, we examined whether 3D visual inferences made from cross-sections are similar to other cases of amodal completion by examining how the inferences were influenced by observers’ knowledge of the objects. Finally, in Experiment 4, we demonstrate that these systematic visual inferences are unlikely to result from demand characteristics or response biases. We argue that these 3D visual inferences have been largely unrecognized by the perception community, and have implications for models of 3D visual completion and science education.
机译：仅从通过该结构的横截面中准确推断三维（3D）结构是不可能的。但是，许多观察者似乎并不了解这一事实。我们提供了3D非模态完成过程的证据，该过程可以解释这种现象，并提供有关感知系统如何处理3D结构的新见解。在四个实验中，观察者观察了常见物体的横截面，并报告了表面上可见的区域是否延伸到物体中。如果他们报告该区域已扩展，则要求他们指出扩展方向或3D形状在横​​截面中是未知的。在实验1、2和3中，参与者经常从表面视图推断3D形式，并在报告横截面区域直接延伸到对象中且方向变化不大之前显示了一个特定的形式。在实验3中，我们通过检查观察者对物体的了解如何影响推断，来检查由横截面得出的3D视觉推断是否与无模态完成的其他情况相似。最后，在实验4中，我们证明了这些系统的视觉推断不太可能由需求特征或响应偏差引起。我们认为，这些3D视觉推论在很大程度上尚未被感知社区所认可，并且对3D视觉完成和科学教育的模型产生了影响。

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