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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Conservation Physiology >Migration depth and residence time of juvenile salmonids in the forebays of hydropower dams prior to passage through turbines or juvenile bypass systems: implications for turbine-passage survival
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Migration depth and residence time of juvenile salmonids in the forebays of hydropower dams prior to passage through turbines or juvenile bypass systems: implications for turbine-passage survival

机译：在水轮机或少年旁路系统通过前的水力发电大坝前湾中鲑鱼的迁移深度和停留时间：对涡轮机通道生存的影响

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Little is known about the three-dimensional depth distributions in rivers of individually marked fish that are in close proximity to hydropower facilities. Knowledge of the depth distributions of fish approaching dams can be used to understand how vulnerable fish are to injuries such as barotrauma as they pass through dams. To predict the possibility of barotrauma injury caused by pressure changes during turbine passage, it is necessary to understand fish behaviour relative to acclimation depth in dam forebays as they approach turbines. A guiding study was conducted using high-resolution three-dimensional tracking results of salmonids implanted with Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System transmitters to investigate the depth distributions of subyearling and yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) passing two dams on the Snake River in Washington State. Multiple approaches were evaluated to describe the depth at which fish were acclimated, and statistical analyses were performed on large data sets extracted from ∼28 000 individually tagged fish during 2012 and 2013. Our study identified patterns of depth distributions of juvenile salmonids in forebays prior to passage through turbines or juvenile bypass systems. This research indicates that the median depth at which juvenile salmonids approached turbines ranged from 2.8 to 12.2 m, with the depths varying by species/life history, year, location (which dam) and diel period (between day and night). One of the most enlightening findings was the difference in dam passage associated with the diel period. The amount of time that turbine-passed fish spent in the immediate forebay prior to entering the powerhouse was much lower during the night than during the day. This research will allow scientists to understand turbine-passage survival better and enable them to assess more accurately the effects of dam passage on juvenile salmon survival.
机译：人们对靠近水力发电设施的带有单独标记的鱼的河流中的三维深度分布知之甚少。接近水坝的鱼的深度分布的知识可用于了解鱼类通过水坝时易受气压伤等伤害。为了预测涡轮机通过过程中压力变化导致气压伤的可能性，有必要了解大坝前湾接近涡轮机时鱼的行为与适应深度的关系。使用植入了鲑鱼幼鲑声遥测系统发射器的鲑鱼的高分辨率三维跟踪结果进行了指导研究，以研究亚岁和一岁的奇努克鲑（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha）和幼年的黑头鲑（Oncorhynchus mykiss）通过两个大坝的深度分布。华盛顿州的蛇河。评价了多种方法来描述鱼类适应的深度，并对2012年和2013年从大约28 000条单独标记的鱼中提取的大数据集进行了统计分析。我们的研究确定了前鲑鱼在前湾中的深度分布模式通过涡轮机或少年旁路系统。这项研究表明，少年鲑鱼接近涡轮的中值深度在2.8至12.2µm之间，深度随物种/生活史，年份，位置（哪个大坝）和diel期（昼夜之间）而变化。最具启发性的发现之一是与diel期相关的大坝通过差异。在晚上进入涡轮机之前，经过涡轮涡轮机的鱼在前海湾附近停留的时间比白天要少得多。这项研究将使科学家更好地了解涡轮通道的存活，并使他们能够更准确地评估水坝通道对鲑鱼存活的影响。

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