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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Allometric trajectories of body and head morphology in three sympatric Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) morphs
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Allometric trajectories of body and head morphology in three sympatric Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) morphs

机译：三种同伴北极Charr（Salvelinus alpinus（L.））形态的身体和头部形态的异形轨迹

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摘要

A study of body and head development in three sympatric reproductively isolated Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) morphs from a subarctic lake (Skogsfjordvatn, northern Norway) revealed allometric trajectories that resulted in morphological differences. The three morphs were ecologically assigned to a littoral omnivore, a profundal benthivore and a profundal piscivore, and this was confirmed by genetic analyses (microsatellites). Principal component analysis was used to identify the variables responsible for most of the morphological variation of the body and head shape. The littoral omnivore and the profundal piscivore morph had convergent allometric trajectories for the most important head shape variables, developing bigger mouths and relatively smaller eyes with increasing head size. The two profundal morphs shared common trajectories for the variables explaining most of the body and head shape variation, namely head size relative to body size, placement of the dorsal and pelvic fins, eye size and mouth size. In contrast, the littoral omnivore and the profundal benthivore morphs were not on common allometric trajectories for any of the examined variables. The findings suggest that different selective pressures could have been working on traits related to their trophic niche such as habitat and diet utilization of the three morphs, with the two profundal morphs experiencing almost identical environmental conditions.
机译：一项研究从一个亚北极湖（挪威北部的Skogsfjordvatn）中分离出的三个同伴繁殖的北极Charr（Salvelinus alpinus（L.））形态的身体和头部发育，揭示了异形轨迹导致了形态差异。这三种形态在生态学上被分配给了沿海的杂食动物，底层的食肉动物和底层的食肉动物，并通过遗传分析（微卫星）证实了这一点。主成分分析用于确定导致大部分身体和头部形态变化的变量。对于最重要的头部形状变量，沿岸杂食动物和基部食肉动物的变体具有收敛的异形轨迹，随着头部尺寸的增加，其嘴巴逐渐增大，眼睛相对较小。这两个深部变体在解释大多数身体和头部形状变化的变量上具有共同的轨迹，即相对于身体大小的头部大小，背鳍和骨盆鳍的位置，眼睛大小和嘴巴大小。相反，沿岸杂食动物和底栖食杂动物的形态对于任何所研究的变量都不在共同的异形轨迹上。这些发现表明，与它们的营养生态位有关的性状可能具有不同的选择压力，例如三种形态的生境和饮食利用，而两个深层形态经历了几乎相同的环境条件。

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