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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Division within the North American boreal forest: Ecological niche divergence between the Bicknells Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) and Gray‐cheeked Thrush (C. minimus)
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Division within the North American boreal forest: Ecological niche divergence between the Bicknells Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) and Gray‐cheeked Thrush (C. minimus)

机译：北美寒带林中的分区：比克内尔画眉（Catharus bicknelli）和灰颊画眉（C.minimus）之间的生态位差异

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Sister species that diverged in allopatry in similar environments are expected to exhibit niche conservatism. Using ecological niche modeling and a multivariate analysis of climate and habitat data, I test the hypothesis that the Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) and Gray‐cheeked Thrush (C. mimimus), sister species that breed in the North American boreal forest, show niche conservatism. Three tree species that are important components of breeding territories of both thrush species were combined with climatic variables to create niche models consisting of abiotic and biotic components. Abiotic‐only, abiotic+biotic, and biotic‐only models were evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) criterion. Abiotic+biotic models had higher AUC scores and did not over‐project thrush distributions compared to abiotic‐only or biotic‐only models. From the abiotic+biotic models, I tested for niche conservatism or divergence by accounting for the differences in the availability of niche components by calculating (1) niche overlap from ecological niche models and (2) mean niche differences of environmental values at occurrence points. Niche background similarity tests revealed significant niche divergence in 10 of 12 comparisons, and multivariate tests revealed niche divergence along 2 of 3 niche axes. The Bicknell's Thrush breeds in warmer and wetter regions with a high abundance of balsam fir (Abies balsamea), whereas Gray‐cheeked Thrush often co‐occurs with black spruce (Picea mariana). Niche divergence, rather than conservatism, was the predominant pattern for these species, suggesting that ecological divergence has played a role in the speciation of the Bicknell's Thrush and Gray‐cheeked Thrush. Furthermore, because niche models were improved by the incorporation of biotic variables, this study validates the inclusion of relevant biotic factors in ecological niche modeling to increase model accuracy.
机译：在相似环境下在异特异体中发散的姐妹物种有望表现出利基保守性。我使用生态位建模并对气候和栖息地数据进行了多元分析，检验了以下假设：在北美北方森林中繁殖的姊妹物种比克内尔鹅口疮（Catharus bicknelli）和灰颊鹅口疮（C.mimimus）显示了利基保守主义。将三种鹅口疮物种的繁殖地的重要组成部分三树种与气候变量相结合，以创建由非生物和生物成分组成的生态位模型。使用曲线下面积（AUC）准则评估仅非生物，非生物+生物和仅生物模型。与非纯生物模型或纯生物模型相比，非生物+生物模型具有更高的AUC评分，并且没有过度投影画眉分布。从非生物+生物模型中，我通过计算（1）生态位生态模型的生态位重叠和（2）出现点环境值的平均生态位差异，通过考虑生态位成分可用性的差异来测试生态位保守性或差异性。生态位背景相似性测试显示12个比较中的10个比较有显着的生态位差异，多变量测试显示沿着3个生态位轴中的2个的生态位差异。 Bicknell的鹅口疮在温暖和潮湿的地区繁殖，富含香脂冷杉（Abies balsamea），而灰颊鹅口疮经常与黑云杉（Picea mariana）同时出现。生态位差异而不是保守主义是这些物种的主要模式，这表明生态差异在比克内尔鹅口疮和灰颊鹅口疮的物种形成中发挥了作用。此外，由于通过引入生物变量改善了生态位模型，因此本研究验证了生态位建模中相关生物因子的纳入以提高模型的准确性。

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