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Replacing monocultures with mixed-species stands: Ecosystem service implications of two production forest alternatives in Sweden

机译:用混合物种的立场代替单一栽培:瑞典两种生产林替代品对生态系统服务的影响

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摘要

Whereas there is evidence that mixed-species approaches to production forestry in general can provide positive outcomes relative to monocultures, it is less clear to what extent multiple benefits can be derived from specific mixed-species alternatives. To provide such insights requires evaluations of an encompassing suite of ecosystem services, biodiversity, and forest management considerations provided by specific mixtures and monocultures within a region. Here, we conduct such an assessment in Sweden by contrasting even-aged Norway spruce (Piceaabies)-dominated stands, with mixed-species stands of spruce and birch (Betula pendula or B. pubescens), or spruce and Scots pine (Pinussylvestris). By synthesizing the available evidence, we identify positive outcomes from mixtures including increased biodiversity, water quality, esthetic and recreational values, as well as reduced stand vulnerability to pest and pathogen damage. However, some uncertainties and risks were projected to increase, highlighting the importance of conducting comprehensive interdisciplinary evaluations when assessing the pros and cons of mixtures.
机译:尽管有证据表明,相对于单一栽培,混合物种的生产林业方法通常可以提供积极的结果,但尚不清楚在何种程度上可以从特定混合物种的替代方案中获得多重收益。要提供这样的见解,需要对区域内特定混合物和单一文化所提供的一整套生态系统服务,生物多样性和森林管理方面的考虑进行评估。在这里,我们通过对比以挪威云杉(Piceaabies)为主的中年林分,云杉和桦木(桦木(Betula pendula或B. pubescens)或云杉和苏格兰松树(Pinussylvestris)的混交林分种,对瑞典进行这种评估。通过综合现有证据,我们从混合物中识别出了积极的结果,包括增加的生物多样性,水质,审美和娱乐价值以及降低的林分易受害虫和病原体损害的能力。但是,预计一些不确定性和风险会增加,突出了在评估混合物的优缺点时进行全面的跨学科评估的重要性。

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