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Spatial patterns of an endemic Mediterranean palm recolonizing old fields

机译：地中海特有棕榈树重新定居旧田的空间格局

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Throughout Europe, increased levels of land abandonment lead to (re)colonization of old lands by forests and shrublands. Very little is known about the spatial pattern of plants recolonizing such old fields. We mapped in two 21–22‐ha plots, located in the Doñana National Park (Spain), all adult individuals of the endozoochorous dwarf palm Chamaerops humilis >L. and determined their sex and sizes. We used techniques of spatial point pattern analysis (SPPA) to precisely quantify the spatial structure of these C. humilis populations. The objective was to identify potential processes generating the patterns and their likely consequences on palm reproductive success. We used (1) Thomas point process models to describe the clustering of the populations, (2) random labeling to test the sexual spatial segregation, and (3) mark correlation functions to assess spatial structure in plant sizes. Plants in both plots showed two critical scales of clustering, with small clusters of a radius of 2.8–4 m nested within large clusters with 38–44 m radius. Additional to the clustered individuals, 11% and 27% of all C. humilis individuals belonged to a random pattern that was independently superimposed to the clustered pattern. The complex spatial pattern of C. humilis could be explained by the effect of different seed‐dispersers and predators' behavior and their relative abundances. Plant sexes had no spatial segregation. Plant sizes showed a spatial aggregation inside the clusters, with a decreasing correlation with distance. Clustering of C. humilis is strongly reliant on its seed dispersers and stressful environmental conditions. However, it seems that the spatial patterns and dispersal strategies of the dwarf palm make it a successful plant for new habitat colonization. Our results provide new information on the colonization ability of C. humilis and can help to develop management strategies to recover plant populations.
机译：在整个欧洲，土地遗弃的增加导致森林和灌木丛对旧土地的重新定殖。关于重新定殖这种旧田地的植物的空间格局知之甚少。我们在位于西班牙多纳纳国家公园（DoñanaNational Park）的两个21–22公顷土地中作了制图，这些土地是内生食性矮棕榈Chamaerops humilis > L 的所有成年个体。并确定他们的性别和大小。我们使用了空间点模式分析（SPPA）技术来精确地量化这些C.humilis种群的空间结构。目的是确定潜在的过程，产生这些模式及其对棕榈生殖成功的可能后果。我们使用（1）Thomas点过程模型来描述种群的聚类，（2）随机标记来测试性空间隔离，以及（3）标记相关函数来评估植物大小的空间结构。两个地块中的植物均表现出两个关键的集群规模，半径为2.8–4 m的小集群嵌套在半径为38–44 m的大集群中。除簇状个体外，所有H. humilis个体中有11％和27％属于随机模式，该随机模式独立于簇状模式叠加。 Humilis的复杂空间格局可以用不同的种子分散器和捕食者的行为及其相对丰度的影响来解释。植物性别没有空间隔离。植物大小显示出簇内的空间聚集，与距离的相关性减小。 Humilis的集群非常依赖其种子分散剂和压力环境条件。但是，矮矮棕榈树的空间格局和扩散策略似乎使其成为新的栖息地定植的成功植物。我们的结果提供了关于C. humilis的定殖能力的新信息，可以帮助制定管理策略以恢复植物种群。

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