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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Insect Science >Alteration of Forest Structure Modifies the Distribution of Scale Insect Stigmacoccus garmilleri in Mexican Tropical Montane Cloud Forests
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Alteration of Forest Structure Modifies the Distribution of Scale Insect Stigmacoccus garmilleri in Mexican Tropical Montane Cloud Forests

机译：森林结构的改变改变了墨西哥热带山地云雾森林中规模昆虫（Stigmacoccus garmilleri）的分布

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Stigmacoccus garmilleri Foldi (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is an ecologically important honeydew-producing scale insect associated with oak trees (Quercus spp.) in highland forests of Veracruz, Mexico. The honeydew exudates of S. garmilleri serve as a significant nutrient source to many species of birds, insects, and sooty molds. Oak trees found in the forest interior, forest edge, and those scattered in pasture areas support scale insect colonies, though the pattern of insect infestations on trees within these varying landscape types has not been elucidated. This study aims to describe the distribution of scale insect infestation and any distinctions in honeydew production based on tree location. Scale insect density, honeydew volume, and sugar concentration were surveyed throughout a continuous landscape that included both patches of forest and scattered pasture trees. In addition, the anal filament through which the honeydew drop is secreted was also measured and was experimentally removed to test and measure regrowth. Scale insect densities on tree trunks were greatest on pasture trees, while intermediate densities were found on trees at the forest edge, and low densities on interior forest trees, suggesting that trees in disturbed areas are more susceptible to scale insect infestation. Trees with small diameters at breast height had significantly higher insect densities than trees with medium to large diameters. Trunk aspect (North, South, East, and West) was not a significant determinant of scale insect density. In forested areas higher densities of scale insects were found at three meters height in comparison to lower heights. Sugar concentrations and drop volumes of honeydew in forest and pasture areas were not significantly different. However, scale-insect anal tubes/filaments were significantly longer in pasture than they were in forests. Sugar concentrations of honeydew appeared to be positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity. Experiments indicated that anal filaments could grow approximately 4 mm every 24 hours, and average tube growth was significantly faster in pasture than in forest, suggesting that there may be a physiological effect on the insect due to landscape disturbance. The results obtained in this study describe the increases in scale insect infestation of trees with forest disturbance. The effect of these increased scale insect densities on the host tree physiology is still to be resolved.
机译：柱头球菌（Stigmacoccus garmilleri Foldi）（半翅目：Margarodidae）是一种生态学上重要的产生甘露的规模昆虫，与墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯的高地森林中的橡树（栎属）有关。 S. garmilleri的蜜露分泌物是许多鸟类，昆虫和煤烟霉菌的重要营养来源。在森林内部，森林边缘发现的橡树以及分布在草场中的橡树支持规模化的昆虫群落，尽管尚未阐明在这些不同景观类型中树木上的昆虫侵害的模式。这项研究的目的是根据树的位置描述规模化昆虫侵扰的分布以及在蜜露生产中的任何区别。在整个连续景观中对昆虫的规模，密度，蜜露量和糖浓度进行了调查，其中包括森林斑块和零星的牧场树木。另外，还测量了通过其分泌蜜露滴的肛门细丝，并通过实验将其去除以测试和测量再生长。牧草树的树干上的鳞片昆虫密度最大，而在森林边缘的树上则发现中等密度，而内部林木的密度则较低，这表明受干扰地区的树木更容易受到鳞片虫的侵扰。胸径小的直径的树木比中等直径的树木具有更高的昆虫密度。树干的长宽比（北，南，东和西）不是决定昆虫密度的重要因素。在森林地区，在三米高的地方发现了更高密度的鳞虫，与之相比，其高度更低。森林和牧场地区的糖浓度和蜜露的滴量没有显着差异。但是，牧场中的鳞虫肛管/细丝比森林中的更长。蜜露中糖的浓度似乎与温度成正相关，与相对湿度成负相关。实验表明，肛门细丝每24小时可以生长大约4毫米，并且牧场中的平均试管生长明显快于森林中的生长，这表明由于景观干扰而对昆虫有生理影响。在这项研究中获得的结果描述了森林干扰对树木的昆虫侵害规模的增加。这些规模扩大的昆虫密度对寄主树生理的影响尚待解决。

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