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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Transcriptomics of two evolutionary novelties: how to make a sperm-transfer organ out of an anal fin and a sexually selected sword out of a caudal fin
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Transcriptomics of two evolutionary novelties: how to make a sperm-transfer organ out of an anal fin and a sexually selected sword out of a caudal fin

机译：两种进化新奇的转录组学：如何用肛门鳍制成精子转移器官如何用尾鳍制成经性选择的剑

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Swords are exaggerated male ornaments of swordtail fishes that have been of great interest to evolutionary biologists ever since Darwin described them in the Descent of Man (1871). They are a novel sexually selected trait derived from modified ventral caudal fin rays and are only found in the genus Xiphophorus. Another phylogenetically more widespread and older male trait is the gonopodium, an intromittent organ found in all poeciliid fishes, that is derived from a modified anal fin. Despite many evolutionary and behavioral studies on both traits, little is known so far about the molecular mechanisms underlying their development. By investigating transcriptomic changes (utilizing a RNA-Seq approach) in response to testosterone treatment in the swordtail fish, Xiphophorus hellerii, we aimed to better understand the architecture of the gene regulatory networks underpinning the development of these two evolutionary novelties. Large numbers of genes with tissue-specific expression patterns were identified. Among the “sword genes” those involved in embryonic organ development, sexual character development and coloration were highly expressed, while in the gonopodium rather more morphogenesis-related genes were found. Interestingly, many genes and genetic pathways are shared between both developing novel traits derived from median fins: the sword and the gonopodium. Our analyses show that a larger set of gene networks was co-opted during the development and evolution of the “older” gonopodium than in the “younger,” and morphologically less complex trait, the sword. We provide a catalog of candidate genes for future efforts to dissect the development of those sexually selected exaggerated male traits in swordtails.
机译：自从达尔文在《人的后裔》（Dear of Man，1871）中描述剑鱼以来，剑就被夸大了，成为了进化生物学家的极大兴趣。它们是从改良的腹尾鳍射线衍生出的一种新的性选择特征，仅在Xiphophorus属中发现。另一个在系统发育上更普遍且更老的男性特征是淋巴瘤，它是一种从所有修饰的鳍中衍生出来的内脏器官，在所有拟幼体鱼类中都存在。尽管对这两种性状进行了许多进化和行为研究，但迄今对其基础的分子机制知之甚少。通过研究对剑尾鱼Xiphophorus hellerii的睾丸激素反应的转录组变化（利用RNA-Seq方法），我们旨在更好地理解支撑这两个进化新奇的基因调控网络的体系结构。鉴定了具有组织特异性表达模式的大量基因。在“剑基因”中，与胚胎器官发育，性格发育和色泽有关的那些基因被高度表达，而在生殖腺中则发现了更多与形态发生有关的基因。有趣的是，从正中鳍衍生出来的两个正在发展的新性状之间共有许多基因和遗传途径：剑和生殖足。我们的分析表明，在“较老”的淋巴瘤的发育和进化过程中，人们选择了比“较年轻”和形态上较不复杂的性状-剑更大的基因网络集。我们提供了候选基因的目录，以供日后剖析那些在剑尾上性选择的夸大男性特征的发展。

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