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Maximizing species conservation in continental Ecuador: a case of systematic conservation planning for biodiverse regions

机译：最大化厄瓜多尔大陆的物种保护：以生物多样性地区的系统保护计划为例

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Ecuador has the largest number of species by area worldwide, but also a low representation of species within its protected areas. Here, we applied systematic conservation planning to identify potential areas for conservation in continental Ecuador, with the aim of increasing the representation of terrestrial species diversity in the protected area network. We selected 809 terrestrial species (amphibians, birds, mammals, and plants), for which distributions were estimated via species distribution models (SDMs), using Maxent. For each species we established conservation goals based on conservation priorities, and estimated new potential protected areas using Marxan conservation planning software. For each selected area, we determined their conservation priority and feasibility of establishment, two important aspects in the decision-making processes. We found that according to our conservation goals, the current protected area network contains large conservation gaps. Potential areas for conservation almost double the surface area of currently protected areas. Most of the newly proposed areas are located in the Coast, a region with large conservation gaps and irreversible changes in land use. The most feasible areas for conservation were found in the Amazon and Andes regions, which encompass more undisturbed habitats, and already harbor most of the current reserves. Our study allows defining a viable strategy for preserving Ecuador's biodiversity, by combining SDMs, GIS-based decision-support software, and priority and feasibility assessments of the selected areas. This approach is useful for complementing protected area networks in countries with great biodiversity, insufficient biological information, and limited resources for conservation.
机译：厄瓜多尔是全球范围内物种最多的物种，但其保护区内物种的代表性却很低。在这里，我们应用了系统的保护规划来确定厄瓜多尔大陆的潜在保护区，目的是增加保护区网络中陆地物种多样性的代表性。我们选择了809种陆地物种（两栖动物，鸟类，哺乳动物和植物），并使用Maxent通过物种分布模型（SDM）对其分布进行了估算。对于每个物种，我们都根据保护优先级确定了保护目标，并使用Marxan保护规划软件估算了新的潜在保护区。对于每个选定的区域，我们确定了它们的保护优先级和建立的可行性，这是决策过程中的两个重要方面。我们发现，根据我们的保护目标，当前的保护区网络包含很大的保护缺口。保护的潜在面积几乎是当前保护区表面积的两倍。大多数新提议的地区都位于沿海地区，该地区的保护缺口很大，土地利用方式发生了不可逆转的变化。最可行的保护区是在亚马逊和安第斯山脉地区，这些地区涵盖了更多未受干扰的栖息地，并且已经拥有目前的大部分保护区。我们的研究允许通过结合SDM，基于GIS的决策支持软件以及对选定区域的优先级和可行性评估，来定义一种维护厄瓜多尔生物多样性的可行策略。这种方法对于补充生物多样性丰富，生物信息不足和保护资源有限的国家的保护区网络很有用。

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