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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Genetic structure of introduced populations: 120-year-old DNA footprint of historic introduction in an insular small mammal population
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Genetic structure of introduced populations: 120-year-old DNA footprint of historic introduction in an insular small mammal population

机译：引入种群的遗传结构：在一个孤立的小型哺乳动物种群中有历史性引入的120年历史的DNA足迹

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Wildlife populations have been introduced to new areas by people for centuries, but this human-mediated movement can disrupt natural patterns of genetic structure by altering patterns of gene flow. Insular populations are particularly prone to these influences due to limited opportunities for natural dispersal onto islands. Consequently, understanding how genetic patterns develop in island populations is important, particularly given that islands are frequently havens for protected wildlife. We examined the evolutionary origins and extent of genetic structure within the introduced island population of red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) on the Channel Island of Jersey using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequence and nuclear microsatellite genotypes. Our findings reveal two different genetic origins and a genetic architecture reflective of the introductions 120 years ago. Genetic structure is marked within the maternally inherited mtDNA, indicating slow dispersal of female squirrels. However, nuclear markers detected only weak genetic structure, indicating substantially greater male dispersal. Data from both mitochondrial and nuclear markers support historic records that squirrels from England were introduced to the west of the island and those from mainland Europe to the east. Although some level of dispersal and introgression across the island between the two introductions is evident, there has not yet been sufficient gene flow to erase this historic genetic “footprint.” We also investigated if inbreeding has contributed to high observed levels of disease, but found no association. Genetic footprints of introductions can persist for considerable periods of time and beyond traditional timeframes of wildlife management.
机译：人们将野生动物种群引入新地区已有数百年历史了，但是这种人类介导的运动可以通过改变基因流的模式来破坏自然的遗传结构模式。由于自然散布到岛屿上的机会有限，岛屿居民特别容易受到这些影响。因此，了解岛屿种群的遗传模式如何发展非常重要，特别是考虑到岛屿经常是受保护野生动植物的避风港。我们使用线粒体DNA（mtDNA）控制区序列和核微卫星基因型检查了泽西岛海峡岛上的红松鼠（Sciurus vulgaris）引入的岛内种群的进化起源和遗传结构的范围。我们的发现揭示了两个不同的遗传起源和一个反映120年前引进的遗传结构。遗传结构标记在母系遗传的mtDNA中，表明雌性松鼠的扩散较慢。但是，核标记仅检测到较弱的遗传结构，表明雄性扩散明显更大。线粒体和核标记物的数据都支持历史记录，即英格兰的松鼠被引入该岛的西部，欧洲大陆的松鼠被引入该岛的东部。尽管在两次引种之间整个岛上有一定程度的扩散和渗入，但还没有足够的基因流来消除这种历史性的遗传“足迹”。我们还调查了近交是否有助于高水平观察到的疾病，但没有发现关联。引进的遗传足迹可以持续相当长的时间，甚至超出了野生动植物管理的传统时限。

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